陕西镇安西凤村农宅空间形态及夏季热环境现状调查

本文通过对陕南镇安县西凤村部分农宅调研的信息和测量数据进行的分析和总结,对当地农建设提出了科学合理的指导性意见。     

硅通孔转接板封装结构多尺度问题的有限元模型

三维硅通孔转接板封装结构中,存在大量的微凸点与微焊球,尺寸相差3个数量级,这种结构多尺度给有限元分析模型的建立带来困难。以板级封装焊锡接点热疲劳寿命的有限元计算为目标,采用均匀化方法将芯片与转接板间的微凸点/下填料层以及转接板与基板间的微焊点/下填料层等效为均匀介质,以解决结构多尺度带来的网格划分困难。在对比分析了几种均匀化方案的基础上,建议在计算三维硅通孔转接板板级封装焊锡接点的热疲劳寿命时,芯片与转接板间的微凸点/下填料层以及转接板与基板间的微焊点/下填料层可采用各自的下填料层替代建模。     

花生油在不同热处理温度下特征性香气成分鉴别研究

运用顶空固相微萃取-气-质联用技术,对某品牌花生油在四种不同热处理温度（60、70、80、90℃）下产生的香气成分进行了分离鉴定,共得到了八大类54种香气化合物,其中最主要的是醛类化合物。通过查阅相关文献获得各香气物阈值后,计算得到了其相对气味活性值（ROAV值）,并以此为依据进行主成分分析等多元统计处理。基于主成分分析的结果,提出了一种结合聚类分析鉴定不同样品特征性香气成分的全新方法,并从54种香气物质中筛选得到了20种表征不同温度下花生油特征风味的关键香气成分。      

真空结合热处理对西瓜汁抗氧化活性的影响

为了研究氧气和温度对西瓜汁抗氧化活性的影响,采用真空结合高低温对西瓜汁进行处理。结果表明,在真空和非真空热处理条件下,西瓜汁多酚氧化酶（PPO）的活性随着处理时间和温度的增加呈逐渐下降的趋势;在同一温度和处理时间条件下,真空和非真空处理西瓜汁中PPO的残存活性差异不显著（p>0.05）。并且在30℃,无论真空或非真空条件下,西瓜汁中番茄红素含量、对DPPH自由基清除率和Fe2+螯合率变化均较小;而在70℃真空条件下,西瓜汁中番茄红素含量、对DPPH自由基清除率和Fe2+螯合率的降低均较小,70℃非真空条件下,各指标变化均较大。说明氧气对西瓜汁中PPO活性的影响较小,而真空对其番茄红素含量可以起到一定的保护作用,从而保持对DPPH自由基清除率和Fe2+螯合率稳定。      

Ultrasonic-Assisted Method for the Preparation of Carbon Nanotube-Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Composites with Integrated Thermal Conductivity,Electromagnetic Interference Shielding,and Mechanical Performances

Due to the rapid development of the miniaturization and portability of electronic devices, the demand for polymer composites with high thermal conductivity and mechanical flexibility has significantly increased. A carbon nanotube (CNT)-graphene (Gr)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite with excellent thermal conductivity and mechanical flexibility is prepared by ultrasonic-assisted forced infiltration (UAFI). When the mass ratio of CNT and Gr reaches 3:1, the thermal conductivity of the CNT-Gr(3:1)/PDMS composite is 4.641 W/(m·K), which is 1619% higher than that of a pure PDMS matrix. In addition, the CNT-Gr(3:1)/PDMS composite also has excellent mechanical properties. The tensile strength and elongation at break of CNT-Gr(3:1)/PDMS composites are 3.29 MPa and 29.40%, respectively. The CNT-Gr/PDMS composite also shows good performance in terms of electromagnetic shielding and thermal stability. The PDMS composites have great potential in the thermal management of electronic devices.     

Direct Analysis of Mitochondrial Damage Caused by Misfolded/Destabilized Proteins

Protein quality control is essential for cellular homeostasis. In this study, we examined the effect of improperly folded proteins that do not form amyloid fibrils on mitochondria, which play important roles in ATP production and cell death. First, we prepared domain 3 of the dengue envelope protein in wild type and four mutants with widely different biophysical properties in misfolded/aggregated or destabilized states. The effects of the different proteins were detected using fluorescence microscopy and Western blotting, which revealed that three of the five proteins disrupted both inner and outer membrane integrity, while the other two proteins, including the wild type, did not. Next, we examined the common characteristics of the proteins that displayed toxicity against mitochondria by measuring oligomer size, molten globule-like properties, and thermal stability. The common feature of all three toxic proteins was thermal instability. Therefore, our data strongly suggest that thermally unstable proteins generated in the cytosol can cause cellular damage by coming into direct contact with mitochondria. More importantly, we revealed that this damage is not amyloid-specific.     

Comparative Study on Selected Properties of Modified Polyurethane Foam with Fly Ash

The aim of the article is to compare two types of fly ash (from the fluidized and pulverized coal combustion process) as a filler for rigid polyurethane foam. Pulverized fly ash (PFA) is widely used in building materials, while fluidized fly ash (FFA) is not currently recycled, but landfilled. The produced rigid polyurethane foams were reinforced with 5 and 10% by weight addition of fly ash from two different types of boilers. The foaming process, physical properties, morphologies and thermal degradation were subject to comparative analysis. The research indicated that fly ash intensifies the reactions of foam synthesis, most commonly, polyurethane (PU) foam with an addition of 10% PFA. What is interesting is that both ashes can be used in PU foam technology as they do not cause deterioration of the physical parameters. As shown, the addition of filler affects the morphology and impairs the brittleness. Additionally, the use of fly ash from coal combustion in the technology of polyurethane materials complies with the guidelines of the circular economy stated in the European Union legislation. Partial replacement of petrochemical components with waste filler also reduces the total energy consumption in the production of PU composites.     

基于仿生观念的多层薄壁结构承载热防护一体化分析设计

受仿生观念启发,通过对力学与传热性能的表征和优化分析,研究了多层薄壁结构的承载和热防护的一体化设计问题。以生活在印度洋底的蜗牛壳结构为原型,构造了分层薄壁结构受力和传热的概念性模型,开展了热防护和承载性能的表征与分析。通过三维气动加热算例和基于遗传算法的优化设计,验证了仿生结构具有最佳的材料参数的排布,是综合热防护和承载性能于一体的优越结构形式。     

壳聚糖/明胶食品保鲜复合膜的热稳定性研究

采用溶液共混法制备壳聚糖/明胶复合膜,测定复合膜的透光率及水溶性,并用热重分析法系统研究了复合膜的热降解性能。结果表明,随着明胶含量的增加,复合膜的透光率上升,水溶性增强,热稳定性提高。热分析结果显示,复合膜在氮气中的热降解为两步反应,降解温度（T）随着明胶含量（X）的增加而升高,起始降解温度To=0.03467X+246.5,最大速率降解温度Tp=0.3460X+282.1,终止降解温度Tf=1.001X+311.9;对应于Tp的降解率Cp不受X的影响,平均值为35.32%±2.54%,对应于Tf的降解率Cf也不受X的影响,平均值为56.28%±1.56%;复合膜热降解反应的活化能（E）和频率因子（A）随反应程度的增加而改变,分三个过程。      

Ceramic thermal wind sensor based on advanced direct chip attach package

An advanced direct chip attach packaged two-dimensional ceramic thermal wind sensor is studied. The thermal wind sensor chip is fabricated by metal lift-off processes on the ceramic substrate. An advanced direct chip attach (DCA) packaging is adopted and this new packaged method simplifies the processes of packaging further. Simulations of the advanced DCA packaged sensor based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model show the sensor can detect wind speed and direction effectively. The wind tunnel testing results show the advanced DCA packaged sensor can detect the wind direction from 0° to 360° and wind speed from 0 to 20 m/s with the error less than 0.5 m/s. The nonlinear fitting based least square method in Matlab is used to analyze the performance of the sensor.