胜利油区疏松砂岩低电阻率气层测井评价技术

针对胜利油区疏松砂岩低电阻率气层、低气/水电阻率对比度气层测井评价工作中存在的难点,分析其形成的主要原因,优化确定适用于低电阻率气层含水饱和度计算的黏土阳离子交换饱和度模型;利用中子、密度、声波三孔隙度测井在气层响应的差异性,计算储层的三孔隙度差值和比值,提取三孔隙度测井所蕴含的储层含气信息,用于指示含气储层。提出利用含水饱和度、三孔隙度差值和比值等3个参数对储层含气信息进行组合放大、构建气层判别指标的技术思路,以达到提高低电阻率气层识别灵敏度的目的。阐述气层判别指标的计算方法,结合区块试气数据统计气层、气水同层的气层判别指标下限值,形成储层含气性分级解释的判别规则,实现储层含气性计算机数据处理的自动分级判别并提高低电阻率气层的评价能力。该技术在胜利油区2个区块19口井的实际应用,效果良好。     

LNG接收站卸料管道保冷层厚度优化模拟

国内LNG接收站卸料管道保冷层多为组合式保冷,保冷层普遍存在着材料浪费的问题。为此,应用Ansys Workbench(AWE)工作平台分别建立了LNG接收站典型的外径为40 in、10 in(1 in=25.4 mm)卸料管道保冷层传热及优化模型。在满足使用要求及设计标准的前提下,对保冷层组合厚度进行优化模拟,并分析了保冷材料热导率受温度变化影响时,其对管道保冷性能的影响。结果表明:优化后,40 in管道每1 000 m可节省投资156万元,10 in管道每1 000 m可节省投资25.62万元;在设计时,如不考虑保冷层热导率随温度变化而采用平均热导率计算,保冷层厚度设计偏保守。对组合保冷材料交接点处温度及各类输入参数敏感性进行分析后得出结论:优化后管道各类指标性能均满足使用要求;内层保冷材料厚度对总投资及热流密度影响最大,大气温度对交接点处温度影响最大。该优化模拟结果及基于AWE工作平台流程化设计优化方法可为LNG管道保冷设计提供参考。     

卫星通信组呼业务MAC层研究

组呼通信在指挥调度中有着重要作用,而在一些地面没有基站的地方,就无法正常使用。卫星通信具有无视地形,通信范围广,不易受陆地灾害影响,易于建设等优点。把卫星通信和组呼通信结合在一起的卫星组呼通信技术兼顾两者的优点,能更好的发挥指挥调度这一作用。当前卫星组呼通信采用固定频率方式,组呼成员在一个频率下进行通信,这种方式实用性不好。本文研究的是移动卫星组呼,在GMR-1系统的基础上研究了卫星组呼通信中MAC层的功能,提出了MAC-Ready-Gcc、MAC-Dedicated-Gcc这两个为了支持组呼的状态,并针对在MAC层发生的PTT竞争提出了一种回退策略。     

基于MoO3和Re-Bphen修饰有机太阳能电池性能的研究

有机太阳能电池(OSCs)的性能与材料及器件结构密切相关。以MoO3为阳极缓冲层,有机金属配合物Re-Bphen为阴极缓冲层,制备了结构为ITO/MoO3/CuPc/C60/Re-Bphen/Al的OSCs。在标准太阳光照条件下,当MoO3和Re-Bphen的厚分别为5nm和8nm时实现了器件的最佳性能,能量转换效率(PCE)和器件寿命均显著提高。结合器件结构,分析了工作机制。     

Dam foundation excavation techniques in China:A review

A protective layer(PL) is commonly reserved above foundation surface to protect the underlying rock mass during dam foundation excavation. In China, the PL of dam foundation is conventionally subdivided into two or three thin layers and excavated with the shallow-hole blasting method, even by pneumatic pick method in case of soft rock mass. The aforementioned layered excavation of the PL delays the construction of the whole project. After nearly 30-year practices, several safe and effcient methods for the PL excavation of dam foundation are gradually developed. They include shallow-hole bench blasting with cushion material(SBC) at the bottom of the hole, and horizontal smooth blasting(HSB). The PL is even cancelled on the condition that horizontal pre-split technique is employed during dam foundation excavation. This paper introduces the aforementioned two PL excavation methods(shallow-hole blasting and bench blasting) and horizontal pre-split technique of dam foundation without protective layer(HPP). The basic principles of blasting method, blasting geometry, charge structure, drill-and-blast parameters of typical projects are examined. Meanwhile, the merits and limitations of each method are compared. Engineering practices in China show that HSB is basically the optimal method for dam foundation PL excavation in terms of foundation damage control and rapid construction. Some new problems for dam foundation PL excavation arising, such as strong unloading and relaxation phenomenon that encountered in the gorge region of southwest China, are needed to be addressed; and the corresponding countermeasures are discussed as well.     

Towards the performance evaluation of 4th generation wireless communication standards: LTE versus Mobile WiMAX

Advances in wireless communication protocols and networking toward support of the next generation of mobile and radio broadband technologies have contributed to a strong competition among various telecommunication standards in particular Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). In this paper, we provide an in‐depth comparison analysis of LTE and Mobile WiMAX at the physical (PHY) layer by studying the most similar PHY configuration scenarios for these two technologies. Our study includes a throughput analysis of downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) transmissions in time division duplex with the least overhead possible and different antenna schemes as well as modulation and code rates. This study also performs an overhead analysis in both protocols to provide a more in‐depth understanding of the PHY layer capacity in various PHY layer configurations. Our simulation results generally show higher performance for LTE in both DL and UL transmission with 7 Mbps in DL and 5 Mbps in UL, when using one antenna port. However, by increasing the number of antennas for multiple‐input/multiple‐output configurations, the results illustrate a reduction in the performance of LTE compared to Mobile WiMAX. This arises from the increase in reference signal overhead in LTE from 4.7% in single‐input/single‐output (SISO) to 14.28% in 4 × 4 multiple‐input/multiple‐output (MIMO). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Practical cross‐layer routing and channel assignment in cognitive radio ad hoc networks

In the heterogeneous and unreliable channel environment of cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs), a multipath route with channel assigned is preferable in both throughput and reliability. The cross‐layer multipath routing and channel assignment in CRAHNs is becoming a challenging issue. In this paper, this problem is characterized, formulated, and shown to be in the form of mixed integer programming. For this Non‐deterministic Polynomial‐time (NP)‐hard problem, the deficiency of the widely used linearization and sequential fixing algorithm is first analyzed. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a new backtracking algorithm with feasibility checking to search optimal solutions and a heuristic algorithm with high feasible solution‐obtained probability (HHFOP) for distributed application in CRAHNs. Through feasibility checking and solution bounds validating, backtracking algorithm with feasibility checking cuts off unnecessary searching space in early stage without loss of optimal solutions, making it much more efficient than brute searching. For practical application in CRAHNs with polynomial complexity, HHFOP first computes the maximal‐supported throughput through link‐channel assignment and link‐capacity coordination for each candidate path. Then the paths are combined, and the route throughput is optimized. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that HHFOP can achieve a high feasible solution‐obtained probability with little throughput degradation compared with linearization and sequential fixing algorithm, indicating its practicability for distributed applications in CRAHNs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

卵石地层土压平衡盾构施工土体改良试验研究

卵石地层摩擦性高,塑流性差,在土压平衡盾构施工过程中遇到了许多困难,通过对其进行土体改良改善土层性能成为不可缺少的辅助施工措施。但是,卵石地层土体改良缺乏系统研究,添加剂配比多依靠工地摸索或工程经验,容易造成添加剂使用不合理,直接影响到盾构施工效率。为此以北京地铁10号线2期隧道区间卵石地层土压平衡盾构施工为案例,进行了一系列土体改良室内试验,研究、评价常用添加剂及改良渣土性能,得到理想改良渣土的添加剂配比参数为泡沫注入比为30%,泥浆注入比为10%,最佳坍落度范围为150～200 mm。利用上述添加剂配比方案进行了盾构掘进试验,显著提高了盾构施工效率。试验结果可为类似地层盾构施工土体改良提供参考。     

静压PHC管桩穿越卵石层引孔施工技术探讨

本文结合云霄翔球广场一期工程静压PHC管桩施工实例,对2#楼主楼采用先引孔后压桩法施工技术和施工工艺,使桩端穿过砂层及卵石层进入持力层深度及有效桩长满足设计及规范要求,以保证施工质量和工期。     

电磁抹拭对力学性能影响

电磁抹拭能有效的控制过渡层的厚度,通过不同镀件及不同厚度的过渡层对基材力学性能的影响,探索过渡层在不同用途下的最适当选择。结果表明,疏松的束状铁锌化合物能有效提升耐蚀性能,对材料力学性能略有影响,但是对于附着力影响很小。