第二松花江干流四水转化模型研究及应用

文中叙述了四水转化模型的结构及制作,并详细介绍了模型中各项水文要素及计算方法。     

长江中下游河道整治与管理的新经验

改革开放以来,长江中下游河道整治事业有了很大的发展:重点河段得到不同程度的治理,防洪能力得到增强,航道有所改善。在河道整治和管理方面取得的主要经验有:整治必须以河势控制规划为指导,以河道观测分析和科学试验研究为基础;领导重视,各部门共同努力,抓好河道管理的各个环节;扩大投资渠道,加速长江河道整治步伐。做好今后河道整治与管理工作的意见:编制长江中下游干流河道治理规划,编制长江中下游河势控制应急工程报告,抓紧重点河段的整治,开展长江河口段综合治理工作;大力贯彻《水法》和《河道管理条例》;搞好护岸工程建设;加强河道观测分析研究工作。     

Fenay Beck Flood-Alleviation Scheme

The paper describes flood detention and channel improvement schemes which have been designed to alleviate the flooding of domestic and industrial properties to a 50-year standard of protection. Landscape architects were incorporated into the design teams to cover environmental aspects.
The flood-detention dam would have been constructed mainly of colliery waste, and the design of the concrete horseshoe spillway and stilling basin was checked using a 1 : 40 physical model. River regulation would be by an automatic vertical gate activated by downstream water levels.
Following planning refusal, a channel-improvement scheme was adopted, which is presently under construction. Reduction in valley storage increased downstream flows, necessitating the enlargement of an old brick and concrete culvert within the ICI works to ensure that there were no detrimental effects within their boundary. An increased benefit/cost ratio of 3.46, as compared with 2.55 obtained for the detention scheme, was partly due to the application of new standards.     

基于生态系统分析的河道最小生态需水计算方法研究(Ⅰ)

研究了河道生态系统的水文与地形子系统的最小生态需水，提出计算河道水体最小生态需水的方法——水文与河道形态分析法，并建立了计算方法体系．水文与河床形态分析法的基本思想是用尽量少的水维持尽量多的河流特征和功能，并将河流特征和功能维持在一定的水平，以维持河流的生命．还研究了水文、地形和生物子系统，提出计算该子系统最小生态需水的方法——生物空间最小需求法．生物空间最小需求法的基本思想是以鱼类为指示生物，从鱼类对生存空间的最小需求来确定最小生态需水．采用上述两种方法计算了淮河流域颍河周口水文站断面的最小生态流量，为7m^3／s，占多年平均天然流量的5．6％．     

中国工业发展对水资源的需求

以统计数据为依据，对我国工业发展及其用水变化过程进行了分析，并在国内外工业用水分析比较的基础上，对我国未来工业需水增长态势进行了趋势展望，同时分流域预测了我国工业经济的未来发展格局及其需水量，提出了保障我国工业经济持续发展的水资源利用对策与措施。笔者认为，在加强节水、科学用水的前提下，我国水资源利用完全可以保障我国工业化的发展。     

Determination and speciation of copper and lead in sediments of a Mediterranean river (River Tenes, Catalonia, Spain)

Total concentrations of Cu and Pb and the speciation of these metals in sediments of the River Tenes are studied in order to establish the extent to which they are polluted and their capacity of remobilization. Five samples taken along the river were analyzed, major components of the sediments were studied using XRF and total Pb and Cu content were determined by AAS. In order to test the accuracy of the digestion methods used (triacid attack with nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acids or diacic attack with nitric and hydrochloric acids) for the determination of total trace metal, a standard reference material was also analyzed. Triacid attack is proposed to obtain good results. The results show a highly polluted area (1556 mg kg⁻¹ Cu and 1555 mg kg⁻¹ Pb) in the last sampling site analyzed. For metal speciation, the sequential scheme of Tessier et al. was used. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that Cu content in non-residual fraction is bonded mainly to organic matter, whereas non-residual Pb is mainly associated to iron and manganese oxides.     

松花江干流名称的历史演变和源头的变革

随着历史的进步和流域内少数民族部落国的兴衰，松花江干流的名称随之发生演变．在历史的长河中，嫩江和第二松花江都曾经做过松花江的干流，其源头都曾经当过松花江的源头．本文从历史的角度论述了松花江干流名称的演变和对源头认定的变革，并得出结论：仅从河流名称的历史演变是不能确定松花江源头的，松花江源头只能根据现代河流理论确定．     

Comparative study of the Cd. Cu and Pb determination by AAS and by ICP-AES in river water : Application to a mediterranean river (Congost river, Catalonia, Spain)

The accuracy, precision, detection limit and rapidity in the determination of Cd, Cu and Pb in river water by AAS determination, previous extraction with APDC-MIBK system, is compared with direct determination method ICP-AES. Both methods show a similar detection limit and an analogous accuracy by the addition standard method. With a calibration curve only ICP-AES presents good accuracy, this technique is advantageous in long term precision and requires minimum sample preparation. The sample stability at different temperature conservation is studied. Finally both methods are applied to the determination of Cd, Cu and Pb in Congost river water.     

深圳河潮汐模型生潮设备与数据自动采集系统

 为配合深圳河潮汐模型试验，采用直流脉宽调速技术对其生潮设备进行了研制。控制软件采用模糊控制法编写，并就模糊控制方法描述了模糊控制器的构造特点和模糊推理准则。数据采集系统全部由计算机自动控制，并设计了良好的人机界面。经过数月的试验，表明整个系统精确可靠，稳定性好，能满足试验要求。     

我国干旱区内陆河流域的治水思想探讨

针对干旱区内陆河流域经济社会发展与水生态和环境保护之间的矛盾，提出了“治河之术，治水之学，治域之理，人水和谐之道”的治水思想，并揭示了它们之间的辩证关系。它是实现水资源可持续利用目标的重要思想基础。