生物降解材料在水环境中降解性能的研究进展

综述了目前典型生物降解材料在水环境中降解性能的研究现状,详细介绍了聚乳酸（PLA）高分子材料（PLA、PLA共聚物、PLA复合材料等）、聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA）、聚己内酯（PCL）、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）、聚（己二酸丁二醇酯?对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯）（PBAT）和CO₂共聚物等在不同水环境中的降解性能;最后总结了生物降解材料未来需要关注的问题和发展方向。     

模拟水中硫离子对不锈钢钝化膜破坏作用的光电化学研究

采用光电化学方法研究了模拟冷却水中硫离子对不锈钢钝化膜的破坏作用.结果表明,不锈钢钝化膜显示n-型光响应,最大吸收峰出现在310 nm处.不锈钢钝化膜在电位约-0.35 V开始出现光电流,随电位升高,光电流增大.钝化膜禁带宽度Eg随电位的升高而减小,并逐渐向铁氧化物的Eg靠近.模拟冷却水中加入硫离子使不锈钢钝化膜的光电流增大,Eg减小.硫离子的浓度越大,测得的光电流越大,而Eg越小,这可归因于钝化膜膜电阻的降低及钝化膜中氧化铬含量的减少.     

Failure analysis of beta-C titanium alloy high-pressure vessels

An attempt has been made to apply the linear elastic fracture mechanics concept to Beta-C titanium alloy pressure vessels that exhibited brittle fractures during hydrotesting. Based on the results of stress analysis on the real structures and fracture surface examinations, a stress-intensity factor,K _IC, was estimated. TheK _IC value of the material in the cracking direction was measured by a surface semi-elliptical crack method. It was found that theK _IC value of the material is very close to the estimated stress-intensity factorK _I during failure, which places the pressure vessels in a critical condition in that a small variation in flaw size may cause a catastrophic failure. A compromise must be made betweenK _IC and the required yield strength. In this restricted case, the yield strength of the material should be controlled in the range of 1150 to 1200 MPa to avoid brittle fracture and the possible occurrence of yield during hydrotesting. Control of microstructure and other mechanical properties is also discussed in this investigation.     

铝液充型过程水模拟技术的研究

以相似理论为理论基础，采用计算机可视化技术，分别进行了铝液、水、0．215％聚丙烯酰胺水溶液的充型可视化试验，拍摄、记录了试验过程。试验结果表明：以水作为模拟介质，从宏观上反映铝液的流动状态是可行的；但在水模拟流场的计算中，要想用水模拟流场客观真实的反映铝液的流场，使其具有更好的相似性，要适当地调整水的黏度，会使计算结果更可靠。     

Initial oxidation of Cr at 300–730 K in H2 18O/H2 16O/16O2 gas mixtures studiedin situ with18O/SIMS and XPS

The initial oxidation of pure, polycrystalline-chromium metal with gas mixtures of oxygen-labeled water, H₂ ¹⁸O, and oxygen,¹⁶O₂, at temperatures 300–730 K has been studied in situ with secondary ion mass spectrometry, SIMS. The fraction of O in secondary ion species: CrO⁺, Cr₂O⁺, CrOH⁺, Cr₂OH⁺, CrOH₂ ⁺, and Cr₂OH₂ ⁺ originating from water and oxygen was found. The reaction of water and oxygen in the oxygen/water gas mixture with Cr is then revealed. The dissociation of water in its reaction with Cr in such a gas mixture was analyzed. Oxide growth on cleaned Cr surfaces during the reaction with H₂O, O₂ and H₂O/O₂ gas was also studied in situ with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS. A correlation between a chemical shift in XPS and the OH content in the oxide is discussed.     

核电工程材料的应力腐蚀破裂研究

采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)和U型弯曲试验技术研究了水中杂质离子、溶解氧(DO)、外加电位以及温度等对核电工程材料304不锈钢(SS)、316SS以及A533B压力容器用钢在高温水中应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)的影响,并结合电化学测试和表面膜分析结果进行了讨论,还根据304SS的U型弯曲和SSRT结果的差异提出了SCC加速试验的选择原则建议。     

热水锅炉炉管腐蚀破坏事故分析

采用X射线衍射相分析技术对某热水锅炉炉管的腐蚀产物进行了分析，对炉管材质的化学成分，硬度，抗拉强度和显微组织分别进行了检测，并对锅炉给水的含氧量进行了测定，综合分析结果表明，造成锅炉炉管穿孔漏水的主要原因是氧腐蚀。     

Accu Roll轧管机芯棒内水冷管连接改进

针对烟台鲁宝钢管有限责任公司AccuRoll轧管机芯棒内水冷管连接上存在的问题,分析了造成水管断裂的原因,并进行了改进。采用四层钢丝的高压胶管部分替代无缝钢管,消除了在轧制过程中因冷却水管在芯棒支撑段内反复甩动,而对水管和法兰盘造成的不利影响;并对芯棒小车和回水系统结构进行了部分改进。由此保证了产品质量,降低了芯棒消耗。     

Water hammer in coarse grained solid liquid flows in hydraulic hoisting for ocean mining

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Effect of Na2SO4 and Water Vapor on the Corrosion of Ti3SiC2

The corrosion behavior of polycrystalline Ti₃SiC₂ was studied in the presence of Na₂SO₄ deposit and water vapor at 900°C and 1000°C. The mass gain per unit area of the samples superficially coated with Na₂SO₄ exposed to water vapor was slightly lower than that of the samples corroded without water vapor. The microstructure and composition of the scales were investigated by SEM/EDS and XRD. Pores were observed in the corroded sample surfaces. The main corrosion phases on the sample surface were identified by XRD as TiO₂, Na₂Si₂O₅ and Na₂TiO₃. After Ti₃SiC₂ corroded in the presence of the Na₂SO₄ deposit and water vapor, the scale had a three-layer microstructure, which was different from the duplex corrosion scale formed on Ti₃SiC₂ beneath the Na₂SO₄ film without water vapor. Because water vapor penetrated the corrosion layer and then reacted with SiO₂ to form volatile Si(OH)₄, an intermediate porous and TiO₂-enriched layer formed in the corrosion layer.