植物油、脂肪酸和植物油甲酯在塔河稠油掺稀降黏中的应用评价

稠油由于富含沥青质、胶质等重质组分而具有很高的黏度，给稠油的开采和运输带来了很大的困难。降低稠油黏度进而改善其流动性成为一项十分重要的工作。以植物油、脂肪酸及植物油甲酯为掺稀介质，以塔河油田稠油为研究对象，考察对比了3种不同的掺稀介质对稠油的掺稀降黏效果。研究结果表明，3种掺稀介质对稠油具有良好的掺稀降黏效果，在同一掺稀比下，植物油甲酯对稠油的降黏效果最显著，其次是脂肪酸，再次是植物油。通过斑点试验考察了掺稀介质和稠油的相容性和体系稳定性。结果显示，植物油甲酯与稠油相容性和稳定性最好，脂肪酸和植物油与稠油的相容性和稳定性相对较差。     

Human urine - Chemical composition and fertilizer use efficiency

Stored human urine had pH values of 8.9 and was composed of eight main ionic species (> 0.1 meq L^–1), the cations Na, K, NH₄, Ca and the anions, Cl, SO₄, PO₄ and HCO₃. Nitrogen was mainly (> 90%) present as ammoniacal N, with ammonium bicarbonate being the dominant compound. Urea and urate decomposed during storage. Heavy metal concentrations in urine samples were low compared with other organic fertilizers, but copper, mercury, nickel and zinc were 10–500 times higher in urine than in precipitation and surface waters. In a pot experiment with¹⁵N labelled human urine, higher gaseous losses and lower crop uptake (barley) of urine N than of labelled ammonium nitrate were found. Phosphorus present in urine was utilized at a higher rate than soluble phosphate, showing that urine P is at least as available to crops as soluble P fertilizers.     

基于PVM的并行调试环境

并行软件开发环境的研究已日益成为并行计算和并行处理的重点。本文简介了可移植的消息传递环境ＰＶＭ，讨论了以此为目标的图形监视环境ＸＰＶＭ，阐明ＸＰＶＭ环境与实际需要的ＰＶＭ并行调试环境之间的差距，并在此基础上探讨了并行调试环境开发中的技术难点及其设计要求。     

ZrO_2与40Cr钢钎焊中的缓冲层

本试验研究了ＺｒＯ２与４０Ｃｒ钢在加入缓冲层前后的钎焊连接，结果表明：插入缓冲层Ｃｕ和Ｔｉ可以提高接头强度。对每一种缓冲层，存在一最佳厚度，对应的钎焊强度最大。此最佳厚度对Ｃｕ为０．４ｍｍ左右，对Ｔｉ为１ｍｍ左右。作者认为这是由缓冲层的力学性能和热膨胀系数对残余应力释放产生的两种相反影响而造成的。钎焊时，缓冲层Ｃｕ和Ｔｉ向钎料中均有程度不同的溶解，但不影响钎料对ＺｒＯ２的浸润和反应结合。ＺｒＯ２－４０Ｃｒ钢连接的所有接头均断在陶瓷的近缝区，其断裂方式有三种。     

Photostabilisation of colour formers for heat-sensitive recording systems: Effect of counter-ions on the photofading of fluoran dyes

Fluorans are given considerable attention as functional dyes for heat-and/or pressure-sensitive recording media. Numerous potential metal complexes were synthesised to prolong the life of coloured species. The protecting effect of these compounds against the photofading was examined on cellulose. It was found that the zinc or nickel salts of 3,5-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and its derivatives can be applied as effective stabilisers against the fading of fluoran dyes.     

百色盆地林蓬浅层稠油油藏热采开发的可行性研究

百色盆地林蓬油藏为一浅、薄、低产、低渗的普通稠油构造油藏。通过对油藏特征、原油热物性、热采数值模拟初步分析及热米开发经济效益的初步评价，认为林蓬油藏利用我国现有的热采技术投入开发具有可行性，并提出了具体实施方案和工作意见．     

基于GRNN网络模型的土壤重金属空间分布的研究

以江苏省南通市为研究区,利用采样点实测数据,借助GRNN神经网络模型并结合3S技术对农田土壤重金属的空间动态分布进行了深入研究。结果表明,GRNN神经网络模型能够智能地学习各个采样点的空间位置与该点各重金属含量之间的映射关系,并能够稳健地对各个空间插值点处的土壤重金属含量进行预测;结果显示南通市农田土壤重金属污染总体较轻,但也存在局部地区的严重污染。在运用GRNN神经网络模型进行空间插值了解重金属空间动态分布的基础上,可以根据污染的状况确定农产品的生产布局和规划。     

具有厚大断面的大型球墨铸铁铸件的生产

首先通过电炉—LF精炼炉—VD精炼炉—包内球化的工艺路线获得了足够的优质铁液,然后通过选取合适的分型面、设置合理的浇注系统、设计专用的冷铁、安放足够大的保温冒口和上表面加大加工余量来去除夹渣等措施,成功生产了具有厚大断面的大型球墨铸铁铸件。     

润滑油金属清净剂合成机理的剖析

结合润滑油清净剂合成机理以及微反应器理论的研究成果，认为清净剂合成中的过碱化反应机理与微反应器理论中渗透反应模型所描述的反应机理相一致。过碱化过程是利用有机酸生成的有机盐将水、促进剂、金属氢氧化物包裹起来形成反相胶束微粒（微反应器），二氧化碳通过渗透进入反相胶束微粒与金属氢氧化物反应得到纳米金属碳酸盐粒子的过程。利用微反应器理论对过碱化反应中各种因素的影响结果进行了分析，结果表明，清净剂过碱化反应过程中的现象可通过微反应器理论得到合理的解释。     

FACTORS AFFECTING THE SOIL MICROBIAL QUALITY MEASUREMENTS OF BIOMASS QUOTIENT AND RESPIRATION QUOTIENT

The soil microbial biomass quotient (expressed as a percentage of the total soil organic carbon) and the specific rate of carbon-dioxide production by soil microbes (respiration quotient) are often used as indicators of stress on soil microbial populations. A low biomass quotient or a high respiration quotient is considered to be an indication of stress from, for example, toxicity from metals in sewage sludge applied to soils. These metabolic quotients are affected by a wide variety of other factors such as the biodegradability of soil organic-carbon amendments, plant inputs of organic carbon into soils, natural variations in microbial population sizes with depth, and in the rhizosphere of plants. These variations could be sufficiently large to make interpretation of changes in biomass quotient and respiration quotient, as a response to stress, problematical.