Treatment of phenol formaldehyde production wastewater by electrooxidation-electrofenton successive processes

ABSTRACT

Treatments of phenol formaldehyde producing wastewater (PFPW) by electrooxidation (EO) and electro-Fenton (EF) successive processes were carried out in a batch electrolytic reactor using graphite (Gr) and stainless steel (Ss) electrodes. After the completion of the EO process, the wastewater was further treated with EF process. The influence of operating variables such as current density, operating time, initial pH_i and H₂O₂ concentration was evaluated for removals of phenol, TOC and COD in PFPW. Gr/Gr, Gr/Ss or Ss/Ss and Ss/Gr electrode pair were used as anode and cathode. The best removal efficiency in the EO process was obtained with Gr/Gr (93%) as compared to Gr/Ss (82%), Ss/Ss (63%) and Ss/Gr (55%). The removal efficiencies for the EO process using Gr-Gr electrode pair were obtained as 93% for phenol, 61% for COD and 44% for TOC at initial pH_i 7,5 g/L of NaCl, 50 mA/cm² and 5 h. In the EF process, the removal efficiencies at pH_i 3,5 mA/cm² and 30 mM H₂O₂ and 45 min were 100% for phenol, 76% for COD and 59% for TOC. This study provided that the successive processes are an effective method for the removal of phenolic compounds from the wastewater.     

XRF法在聚乙烯微量金属分析中的应用

探讨了用Ｘ射线荧光光谱分析法（ＸＲＦ法）测定聚乙烯中所含的微量金属Ｆｅ、Ｔｉ、Ａｌ的方法，简 分析条件及实验方法。     

Adsorption of Cr(III), Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II) ions onto phenolated wood resin

In this study, phenolated wood resin was used an adsorbent for the removal of Cr(III), Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II) ions by adsorption from aqueous solution. The adsorption of metal ions from solution was carried at different contact times, concentrations and pHs at room temperature (25°C). For individual metal ion, the amount of metal ions adsorbed per unit weight of phenolated wood resin at equilibrium time increased with increasing concentration and pH. Also, when the amounts of metal ions adsorbed are compared to each other, it was seen that this increase was order of Cr(III) > Ni(II) > Zn(II) > Co(II). This increase was order of Cr(III) > Ni(II) > Co(II) > Zn(II) for commercial phenol–formaldehyde resin. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process obeyed the intraparticle diffusion model. It was also determined that adsorption isotherm followed Langmuir and Freundlich models. Adsorption isotherm obtained for commercial phenol–formaldehyde resin was consistent with Freundlich model well. Adsorption capacities from Langmuir isotherm for commercial phenol–formaldehyde resin were higher than those of phenolated wood resin, in the case of individual metal ions. Original adsorption isotherm demonstrated the monolayer coverage of the surface of phenolated wood resin. Adsorption kinetic followed the intraparticle diffusion model. The positive values of ΔG° determined using the equilibrium constants showed that the adsorption was not of spontaneous nature. It was seen that values of distribution coefficient (K_D) decreasing with metal ion concentration in solution at equilibrium (C_e) indicated that the occupation of active surface sites of adsorbent increased with metal ions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2838–2846, 2006     

硅烷处理N2O氧化苯生产苯酚催化剂抑制结碳失活研究

The main cause to the deactivation of ZSM-5 catalyst, used for oxidation of benzene to phenol (BTOP) by nitrous oxide, is that the carbon deposition on the catalyst surface blocks the mouth of pores of the catalyst.In the experiments, ZSM-5 catalyst was modified by chemical surface deposition of silicon, and then the effect of modification condition on the catalyst activation was studied. The catalyst samples were characterized by XRF,EPS, XRD, TEM, N2 adsorption at low temperature, pyridine adsorption-infrared technique and etc. All the above results show that the uniform SiO2 membrane can be formed on ZSM-5 crystal surface. The SiO2 membrane covers the acid centers on ZSM-5 surface to inhibit surface coking, to avoid or decrease the possibility of ZSM-5 pore blockage so that the catalyst activity and stability can be improved efficiently. The optimum siliconiting conditions determined by the experiments are as follows: 4% load of silanizing agent, volume (ml)/mass (g) ratio of hexane/ZSM-5=15/1, and 16 h of modification time. Compared with the samples without siliconiting treatment,the samples treated under the above optimum condition can increase the productivity of phenol by 14% for 3 h reaction time and by 41% for 6 h reaction time respectively.     

Liquid-Phase Catalytic Hydroxylation of Phenol Using Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) Complexes of Amidate Ligand Encapsulated in Zeolite-Y as Catalysts

Copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexes of amidate ligand 1,2-bis(2-hydroxybenzamido)ethane(H₂hybe) encapsulated in the super cages of zeolite-Y have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic studies and thermal as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. These complexes catalyze the liquid-phase hydroxylation of phenol with H₂O₂ to catechol as a major product and hydroquinone as a minor product. Considering the concentration of substrate and oxidant, amount of catalyst, temperature of the reaction and volume of solvent, a best-suited reaction condition has been optimized to get maximum hydroxylation. Under the optimized reaction conditions, [Cu(hybe)]-Y has shown the highest conversion of 40% after 6h, which is followed by [Ni(hybe)]-Y with 37% conversion and [Zn(hybe)]-Y has shown the poorest performance with 33% conversion. All these catalysts are more selective towards catechol formation (90%), irrespective of their catalytic performance.     

酚试剂法测定室内空气中甲醛的实验条件优化

为了提高酚试剂法测定室内空气中甲醛的准确性,优化实验条件,系统研究了盐酸介质浓度、显色剂加入量、显色时间、显色反应温度和稀释液类型等因素对吸光度的影响,研究结果表明,采用0.1 mol/L盐酸配制的硫酸铁铵显色剂,显色剂加入量对吸光度影响不显著,最佳加入量为0.4 mL;显色反应温度对吸光度影响明显,最佳温度应控制在25～35℃范围内;稳定的显色反应时间应控制在18～30 min内,以20 min为宜;当甲醛质量浓度较高时,可选用去离子水或酚试剂吸收液进行适当的稀释。在较优的实验条件下,测定的甲醛质量浓度与吸光度在0～2.0μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 9。     

高压脉冲电晕降解液相苯酚的实验研究

利用针-筒式反应器进行高压脉冲电晕放电降解液相苯酚的试验,研究Fe2+、脉冲电压峰值、脉冲频率、曝气及pH等对苯酚降解的影响.结果发现,苯酚降解率随着Fe2+添加量的增加先升高后降低,最佳Fe2+的添加量为0.015 mmol/L;提高脉冲电压峰值、脉冲频率、曝气体积流量和pH均可达到提高苯酚降解率的效果,其经济性、适应性最佳值如下：脉冲电压峰值为40 kV,脉冲频率为180 Hz,曝气O2的体积流量为6 L/min,此条件下苯酚降解率可达到84.8 %;偏碱性环境有利于苯酚的降解;曝气种类对苯酚降解率有较大影响,降解率由高到低依次是氩气、氧气、氮气.当曝气源为氩气时,苯酚的降解率可达到98.1 %.     

工业酚水稀释的RBF神经网络预测控制

针对酚水稀释过程中酚水流量不便测量的工程情况,提出了一种基于RBF（径向基）神经网络的预测控制方法.在酚水罐每个液位变化周期内使用计算机定时测量液位高度,并将这些高度值作为目标输出,在每个循环结束时训练RBF网络,利用RBF网络的逼近能力来实时预测酚水流量,从而控制清水的配比,实现酚水质量浓度的稳定.该方法可避免测量误差带来的干扰,提高控制精度.     

空化射流降解水中苯酚的实验研究

通过实验研究进口压力、初始浓度、泵机类型和溶液酸碱度对空化射流条件下苯酚降解率的影响。研究表明,较高的进口压力,较低的苯酚初始浓度,流量较大的高压泵以及溶液液相的酸性环境都有利于苯酚的降解,进口压力为6MPa时效能比最好。     

用三元络合物萃取-火焰原子吸收法测定食品中痕量镉

建立了一种测定食品中痕量镉的新方法.以茜素黄R和邻菲罗啉为螯合剂,以甲基异丁基甲酮为萃取剂,直接以有机相进样测定,提高了测定的选择性和灵敏度.考察了介质酸度、缓冲溶液及螯合剂的用量等对测定的影响,优化了测定条件.详细研究了常见元素对镉元素测定的干扰情况,用酒石酸钾钠做掩蔽剂,可以消除大量共存组分的影响.在最佳工作条件下,镉离子质量浓度在3.0×10-3 ～0.25 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,方法的检出限为1.7×10-3 μg· mL-1,对0.2 μg· mL-1的镉标准溶液进行9次平行测定,相对标准偏差为1.1％,检出限低,重现性好.该法用于食品中镉的测定,结果满意.