CO2体积分数对燃煤细颗粒物在水汽环境中凝结长大的影响

为研究燃煤烟气中CO₂体积分数对细颗粒物在水汽环境中凝结长大效果的影响,建立了计算模型并搭建了实验平台,分别从理论计算和实验研究两方面探讨了CO₂体积分数对细颗粒物凝结长大效果的影响。结果表明:随着CO₂体积分数升高,混合烟气的热、质扩散系数均降低,生长管内平均过饱和度增加,细颗粒物长大效果明显;管壁温度越高,随着CO₂体积分数的提高,细颗粒物粒径越大。     

粗粒料三轴试验橡皮膜嵌入量数值模拟

在粗粒料三轴试验中,橡皮膜嵌入量可造成显著的体积变形量测误差。本文针对颗粒材料的接触特点,利用Nagata Patch方法重建颗粒表面,基于重建曲面进行接触状态的判断和接触几何信息的计算,开发了高效的颗粒接触算法。该法采用dual mortar有限元方法处理颗粒与橡皮膜间的接触模拟,针对橡皮膜变形较大的特点,采用更新坐标的大变形计算格式,并根据重建的颗粒表面对颗粒-橡皮膜的距离进行几何修正,实现了颗粒-橡皮膜接触的精细化模拟,可较好地模拟计算“柔性”橡皮膜嵌入颗粒孔隙的过程。进行了Kramer钢球试验以及粗颗粒料和标准粗砂三轴试验橡皮膜嵌入过程的模拟计算,计算结果符合一般规律,与相应的试验结果吻合较好,验证了本文方法对于粗粒料膜嵌入问题的适用性。     

Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation: A Review on Investigating Mesoscale Properties of Polymer Systems

Polymer systems have typical multiscale characteristics, both in space and time. The mesoscopic properties of polymers are difficult to describe through traditional experimental approaches. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) is a simulation method used for solving mesoscale problems of complex fluids and soft matter. The mesoscopic properties of polymer systems, such as conformation, dynamics, and transport properties, have been studied extensively using DPD. This paper briefly summarizes the application of DPD to research involving microchannel flow, electrospinning, free-radical polymerization, polymer self-assembly processes, polymer electrolyte fuel cells, and biomedical materials. The main features and possible development avenues of DPD are described as well.     

Effect of dispersion states (electrostatic/electrosteric stabilization) on particles arrangement in the yttria-stabilized zirconia sediments

In the present work, particle arrangement and their packing in the sediment layer of zirconia suspension were studied. To evaluate the particle settling, aqueous suspensions of zirconia nanoparticles were prepared in different dispersion states. In one state, Dolapix CE64 was used as a dispersant to provide electrosteric mechanism. In another state, pH of the suspension was adjusted at 4 to provide electrostatic mechanism. The other state was the combination of dispersant and pH adjustment which resulted in the most stable suspension. First of all, the stability of all dispersion states was evaluated by zeta potential, sediment volume (SV) and height, viscosity, and packing density (PD). Then, the sediment layers of all suspensions were characterized. Incorporation of electrostatic mechanism was resulted in a main decrease in viscosity with high surface charges, while electrosteric mechanism caused lower sedimentation of particles. Fall velocities of particles/agglomerates were estimated, and the influences of dispersion states on the particles fall velocities were characterized. The microstructural observation revealed homogeneous packing of particles in the sediment layer of the stable suspension demonstrating the proper dispersion of particles. Dolapix CE64 and pH adjustment resulted in a uniform arrangement of particles without agglomeration and spherical and regular granules with a uniform shape.     

H2O(g)对富氧燃烧超细颗粒物生成特性影响

为实现富氧燃烧技术的广泛推广,对煤粉燃烧在富氧气氛下的颗粒物排放特性进行了研究。在1800 K管式炉内进行煤焦燃烧试验,研究了富氧气氛下H₂O(g)体积分数(0、5%、10%、20%、30%)对煤焦燃烧超细颗粒物的影响;采用荷电低压撞击器(ELPI+)获得超细颗粒物质量和数量浓度粒径分布并进行分析。结果表明,H₂O(g)对超细颗粒物质量浓度和数量浓度粒径分布无影响,但会导致超细颗粒物的峰值波动。超细颗粒物总数量由最小粒径超细颗粒物决定,5种水蒸气浓度下EL?PI+第1级撞击器收集到的超细颗粒物数量占比均超过65%。超细颗粒物总质量由最大粒径超细颗粒物决定,5个水蒸气浓度下ELPI+第7级撞击器收集到的超细颗粒物质量占比均超过94%。低H₂O(g)浓度会抑制超细颗粒物生成,H₂O(g)体积分数为5%时的抑制作用最显著;高H₂O(g)浓度会促进超细颗粒物生成。这是因为一方面H₂O(g)与煤焦发生气化反应,使煤焦颗粒周围产生还原性气氛,促进矿物质还原为单质,进一步促进矿物质蒸发;另一方面气化反应是吸热反应,会降低煤焦颗粒燃烧温度,同时H₂O(g)加入也导致烟气热容增加进一步降低,煤焦燃烧温度抑制煤中矿物质的蒸发,导致超细颗粒物生成减少,是2种作用相互竞争的结果。此外,H₂O(g)的加入使超细颗粒物平均粒径增大,0~5%H₂O(g)时超细颗粒物平均粒径增大最迅速。     

Sulfur in chromia

The solubility of sulfur in chromia has been studied in H₂-H₂O-H₂S tagged with³⁵S at 973 and 1173 K at low oxygen and sulfur partial pressures typical for coal gasification-systems. For monocrystalline samples, it has been shown that sulfur-containing species are only present adsorbed on the surface of the specimens and can be removed by ultrasonic cleaning in acetone. The surface coverage after 4 weeks of exposure to H₂-H₂O-H₂S was between 2.8 and 19.3% of a monolayer. In polycrystalline chromia, sulfur was located only in pores and cracks of the sample. In dense, compact areas of the specimens the solubility of sulfur was below the detection limit of autoradiography, which was estimated to be better than 0.17 ppm.     

超细粉颗粒形貌控制技术的研究

颗粒形貌对颗粒群的许多性质具有重要的影响。本研究以流化床气流磨加工碳化硅磨料微粉为实例，对颗粒形貌控制的基本因素进行理论分析与实验研究，并探讨了超细加工后的整形技术及超细加工前的预处理技术。可获得球形化程度好的等积形颗粒形貌，也可获得较好的多棱形颗粒形貌，这对提高超细粉的工业价值和经济价值，扩大应用领域和范围，具有重要的意义。     

磁粉探伤焊缝区反常显示成因分析

研究了中碳钢焊缝区磁粉探伤出现的假磁痕,对焊接过程和焊缝组织进行分析,制订出合理的焊接工艺,避免表面缺陷检测的误判。     

钽粉颗粒强度的研究

研究了采用激光粒度分布仪测试电容器级团化钽粉粒度分布及强度的方法。其中心内容是:先采用3种不同比表面积、松装密度和费氏平均粒径的钠还原原粉,按3种烧结工艺制得团化钽粉。然后把烧结得到的6种试样加入纯水中,以200～300r/min进行高速搅拌并以40W,42kHz超声波振动。将激光衍射分析仪的激光束穿过经不同搅拌时间的悬浊钽粉,测得不同时间的钽粉粒径分布曲线。分析分布曲线可以获得团化钽粉的一系列信息,包括:①几种团化钽粉颗粒的相对强度;②影响团化钽粉颗粒强度的因素;③钽粉强度和其他性能如介电损耗、流动性,平均粒径及密度的关系等。     

凝固过程中的颗粒推斥

颗粒推斥是材料在固液相变过程中的基础问题之一，界面自由能的传统理论难以解释在金属基复合材料制备过程中的颗粒推斥现象，作者提出了固液界面前沿的流体流动是颗粒推斥的主要原因之一，并给出颗粒滚动及颗粒速度两种作用机制，推导出颗粒推斥条件判据，并以实验验证流体流动的作用机制及颗粒推斥理论判据。