Research of Temperature Tracer Method to Detect Tubular Leakage Passage in Earth-Dam

The location, intensity and scope of concentrated leakage must be determined in order to repair earth-Dam scoured by the leakage. In this paper, firstly, heat tracer theory and distribution laws of temperature in soil body with leakage are discussed. Then temperature tracer model is established according to stable heat conduction theory. In such model, the concentrated seepage passage is simplified into a circular pipe as a boundary condition. The location, scope and flow-velocity of the concentrated leakage are estimated via ichnography of the lowest temperature based on temperature data from detecting wells by quantitative computation and qualitative analysis. In case study, the distribution characteristic of temperature （including temperature data of water in reservoir, drainage pipes and tail pond） can be interpreted by this model. A modified model is also set up, applied for detected data at different cross-sections of the leakage passage, in which the temperature data are rectified according to distances from data locations to calculating section. Finally, the model is solved by numerical iterative method, and the possible error of this theoretical model is discussed. The permeability coefficient in leakage area is identical with that of normal soil in magnitude after anti-seepage repairing accomplished, which indicates this model is effective.     

Transport processes in the oxidation of Ni studied using tracers in growing NiO scales

Experimental techniques have been developed for determining Ni⁶³ and O¹⁸ tracer distributions in NiO scales ranging in thickness from 0.1 to 100 . These have been used to investigate Ni and O transport in scales on {100} Ni crystals and polycrystalline Ni in the temperature range 500–1300° C. NiO grown on {100} Ni crystals at 1000°C was uniform and compact and grew by the bulk diffusion of Ni in NiO by a vacancy mechanism. At temperatures below 800°C the principal transport mechanism was short-circuit diffusion of Ni in NiO. At all temperatures short-circuit diffusion of oxygen contributed to scale growth on polycrystalline Ni and was responsible for growth of the inner layer of duplex scales. The oxygen diffusion paths are believed to be micro-cracks induced by growth stresses.     

The use of microbial tracers to monitor seasonal variations in effluent retention in a constructed wetland

Effluent retention in a constructed wetland was determined using both microbial and chemical tracers. Seasonal variation in effluent retention was the main focus of the study. The biotracers used in the study were the coliphage MS2, a bacteriophage of Enterobacter cloacae and antibiotic resistant endospores of Bacillus globigii. Two separate tracer runs were conducted, Winter high flow (January 2002) and Summer low flow (June 2002). The three biotracers were evaluated simultaneously on both occasions, with the commonly used chemical tracer, rhodamine WT, a bright red fluorescent dye, being evaluated during the final experiment. The Winter tracer run was conducted during a typical Winter storm, with a mean effluent discharge of 4.1 ls(-1). Tracer recovery was 98% MS2, 91% Ent. cloacae phage and 2% endospore. Effluent retention was estimated at between 2 and 4 h at 90% phage tracer recovery. The Summer tracer run was conducted at a typical site operating discharge rate of 0.8 ls(-1). Tracer recovery was 23% MS2, 36% Ent. cloacae phage, 8% rhodamine and 14% for the endospores. Effluent retention was estimated at between 11 and 18 h at 90% of phage tracer recovery. Initial results are encouraging and indicate bacteriophage to have further potential as tracing agents in wetlands.     

偶氮氯膦类化合物在稀土光度分析中的应用研究进展

偶氮氯膦衍生物是一类重要的分光光度显色剂,本文从显色剂的结构、显色体系特点、影响配合物生成反应因素、重要应用等方面分别阐述了该类显色剂在光度分析中的研究现状及发展趋势.     

金精矿的含硫试剂浸出工艺研究

用硫脲、硫代硫酸盐、硫氰酸盐、石硫合剂及改性石硫合剂等含硫试剂对某金精矿进行浸出试验,结果表明,石硫合剂和改性石硫合剂适于该金精矿的浸出,且在较优条件下浸出率可达85%以上。     

井间示踪测试技术新进展

对油田井间示踪测试技术的发展概况进行简要叙述。分析了各代技术的优缺点;根据油藏动静态描述手段和原理及测试解释技术理论并结合矿场实践进展,对解释方法进行了对比分析,提出了从示踪剂选择到测试解释的优化技术体系;另外,示踪剂技术目前出现了多个分支,尚处于矿场试验阶段。本文给出了部分有关测试成果和解释成果,以及相关的分析和评价。井间示踪测试技术是目前成熟和先进的油藏开发动态测试技术之一,对于解决油田开发过程中面临的实际问题具有重要的实用价值和指导意义,应用前景广阔。     

特性炔类液晶的简便合成

4,4′-二烷基-4-乙炔基联环己烷(1)和它的偶联衍生物1,4-双((4,4′-二烷基-联环己)-4-基)丁二炔(2)、1,4-双(2-((4,4′-二烷基-联环己)-4-基)乙炔基)芳烃(3)是具有某种特性的重要液晶化合物。文章介绍了以4,4′-二烷基联环己基-4-甲腈(4)为起始原料的化合物的合成。首先,化合物(4)与甲基锂发生加成反应,水解后制得关键中间体甲基酮化合物(5),接着甲基酮化合物(5)与格氏试剂在特定的条件下反应,高收率地制得炔类化合物(1),关于本反应可能的机理文中也进行了阐述。化合物(1)通过氧化自偶联制得化合物(2)。化合物(1)与二卤代芳烃在Pd(0)催化系统下发生偶联制得化合物3,这些化合物的制备具有短的合成步骤和高的反应收率,是高效的合成方法;其中化合物(1)的制备方法从未见诸于以前的任何文献报道。     

微波诱导氧化处理直接蓝染料废水的研究

采用微波诱导氧化工艺(MIOP)处理直接蓝染料废水，用实验方法分别考察了活性炭种类、活性炭用量、微波辐射时间、微波功率、H₂O₂用量和pH值等因素对处理效果的影响.结果表明，5 g活性炭与50 mL直接蓝废水混合(固液比为1∶10)，在微波功率为480 W，辐射时间6 min，H₂O₂用量2.0 mL，pH=3的条件下，对废水COD的去除率达到97.4%.动力学研究表明，该氧化过程符合一级动力学规律，反应速率常数K=0.088 min^-1，反应半衰期t_1/2=7.88 min.MIOP有望在废水处理中得到广泛应用.     

Fenton试剂处理低浓度染料废水的实验研究

利用Fenton试剂处理低浓度染料废水,考察各种外界条件对染料废水脱色和降低COD的影响,实验结果表明:脱色率可达97%,CODcr去除率达57%以上,认为通过调节工艺参数,低浓度染料废水经Fenton试剂处理后可以直接回用,这一工艺从经济分析上是可行的。     

提高难选冶金矿金精矿品位的试验研究

依据矿石特性 ,在常规浮选的基础上 ,采用再磨再选和新型组合药剂等工艺措施 ,分别对银河高硫含碳细粒金矿和东北寨低硫含碳砷微细粒金矿等难选冶金矿进行了选矿试验研究 ,所得金精矿品位有了较大幅度提高 ,并对其浮选分离作用机理进行了探讨