空间环境长期演化模型研究

针对空间碎片对航天器日益凸显的威胁,在明确对空间环境研究方法的基础上,分析了国内外在空间环境长期演化模型方面的研究现状,以LEGEND模型和DAMAGE模型为例,对国外空间环境长期演化模型的机理进行了研究,提出长期演化模型的关键科学问题,并阐述了研究现状;展望长期演化模型的未来研究方向。     

黏性流体的二次雾化特性

 针对渣油沥青气化工艺,以高温下渣油沥青的雾化为研究背景,选择与其物性相近的甘油水溶液作为模拟介质,进行了黏性液体二次雾化的实验。利用高速摄像仪和图像处理软件,对单个液滴在不同条件下的破裂模式、特征尺度、破裂时间和破裂后的平均液滴直径等进行了观察和分析。结果表明,随着韦伯数(We)的增加,甘油液滴的破裂依次呈现5种不同的模式：袋状破裂、袋状-雄蕊破裂、双重袋状破裂、剪切破裂和爆发式破裂。在低 We 下,液滴直径最大变形率基本相同;在高 We 下,总破裂时间明显缩短,破裂产生的液滴粒径很小,雾化效果良好。     

Y型喷嘴液膜随机破碎模型研究

采用Monte—Carlo法，综合考虑Y型喷嘴液膜破碎过程中表面扰动波长、液膜厚度及初始雾化液滴速度等分布的随机性，结合混合孔内气、液两相流动及二阶段雾化模型，建立Y型喷嘴雾化液滴粒度分布模型。利用FAM型激光粒度仪对实验喷嘴的雾化特性进行测试，测量结果与模型预测结果吻合较好。     

涡流室式柴油机油滴破碎和喷雾碰壁的三维数值模拟

根据不稳定性理论,将燃烧室中油滴破碎过程分为ＫＨ不稳定破碎和ＲＴ不稳定破碎;根据Ｗｅｂｅｒ数将喷雾碰壁过程分为粘附、反弹粘附和飞溅附壁射流３ 种模式,建立了油滴破碎和喷雾碰壁的数学模型。根据油滴破碎模型计算所得的喷雾贯穿距离和ＳＭＤ值同试验结果相一致,喷雾碰壁模型计算所得的油滴位置图形与高速摄影结果相一致。将已被试验验证后的模型应用于涡流室式柴油机中, 计算了涡流室内喷雾的发展过程,计算结果与高速摄影结果吻合良好。     

Capillary wave formation on excited solder jet and fabrication of lead-free solder ball

A survey of solder ball production processes especially focusing on disturbed molten metal jet breakup process was made. Then the formation of capillary wave on tin melt jet in the way of rapid solidification was studied. A semi-empirical formula, which can be written as λ = Cvib （σ/ρ）^1/3 f^-2/3 to predict the relationship between wavelength of capillary wave and frequency of imposed vibration was obtained. Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu lead free solder ball was successfully produced with tight distribution and good sphericity. The excited jet breakup process is promising for cost effectively producing solder ball.     

氘核中子反应截面的法捷耶夫方程理论计算

中子引起的轻核反应是核数据研究的重要内容。当前我国核数据库中氘核中子反应截面的计算结果局限于采用s 波可分离势,且入射能量在20 MeV以下。需要发展三体核反应的法捷耶夫方程理论方法,采用超出s 波的核子 核子相互作用,从而对更高能量范围内氘核全套中子反应截面做出准确的描述。本文介绍了利用法捷耶夫方程计算n+d三核子反应体系的弹性散射微分截面、破裂反应、破裂反应出射中子和质子的双微分截面的理论框架及数值计算结果,同时计算了弹性散射总截面和破裂反应总截面的激发函数。计算结果与实验数据及CENDL 32、ENDF/B Ⅷ.0、JENDL 5、JEFF 33等数据库中的评价数据符合较好。     

An atomization method using an oscillating needle and a micro air jet

A liquid atomization method based on meniscus perturbation and a micro air jet was studied. A meniscus on a thin needle with a diameter was constantly perturbed by the sinusoidal oscillation of the needle, and a liquid film was dispersed by the air jet. This atomization method can spray high viscosity media with its print pattern confined to a narrow band of about 1 mm at the center of the air jet.     

场序彩色显示中的色分离现象

色分离现象是场序彩色显示中出现的负面效应,容易引起观看者的视觉疲劳和精神紧张等症状。本文对色分离现象出现的机理进行了分析,指出了色分离现象与传统空间彩色液晶显示中运动模糊现象的根本区别。阐述了目前色分离现象的研究手段、影响因素等方面的研究进展,介绍了评价色分离现象程度的主要内容,并介绍了几种主要的评价方法。对目前国际上改善色分离现象研究的方法进行了分类归纳,并对各种方法的机理、优点和局限性进行了说明,认为目前尚没有理想的消除色分离影响的方法。     

Effect of compatibilization on the deformation and breakup of drops in step-wise increasing shear flow

Drop deformation and breakup were investigated in the presence of a block copolymer in step-wise simple shear flow using a home-made Couette cell connected to an Anton Paar MCR500 rheometer. Polyisobutylene (PIB) was used as the matrix, while five different molecular weights of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were selected to provide drops with a relatively wide range of viscosity ratio. A block copolymer made of PDMS-PIB was used for interfacial modification of the drop-matrix system. The copolymer concentration was 2 wt% based on the drop phase. The experiments consisted in analyzing the drop shape and measuring the variation of the length to diameter ratio, L/D, both in steady state and in transient regimes till breakup. This allowed revising of the classical Grace curve that reports the variation of the critical capillary number for breakup as a function of viscosity ratio and providing also a new one for blends compatibilized with an interfacial active agent with a given molecular weight.