Numerical simulation of drop deformation and breakup in shear flow

Three‐dimensional numerical simulation of the deformation and breakup of an isolated liquid drop suspended in immiscible viscous fluid under shear flow was performed with diffuse interface method. The governing equations of the model were described by Navier– Stokes– Cahn– Hilliard equations. The surface tension was treated as a modified stress. In this paper, a uniform staggered Cartesian grid was used. The transient Navier– Stokes equations were solved by an approximation projection method based on pressure increment formulation, while the Cahn– Hilliard equations were solved by a nonlinear full approximation multigrid method. The numerical results of the drop deformation and breakup were in good agreement with the experimental measurements. Therefore, the present model could be perfectly applied to study the mechanism of drop deformation and breakup. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(5): 286– 294, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20160     

Development of a new technique to generate microcapsules from the breakup of non‐Newtonian highly viscous fluid jets

A new method to produce microcapsules ranging from 300 to 700 μm based on the droplets formation from non‐newtonian high viscous liquids has been developed, characterized, and modeled. The technique involves the generation of a continuous high viscous solution jet, which is destabilized by means of a controlled vibration, breaking into droplets that undergo stabilization through a gelling process. Finally, the application of the wave‐mechanisms‐based theory to obtain a set of equations for the fitting of experimental data is assessed, as a first approximation for a better knowledge of the process. To find the fitting equations, the influence on the microcapsules size is studied through two‐dimensionless groups, the Ohnesorge and the Weber numbers, involving the liquid viscosity and flow, respectively, and determining their exponential dependences. Further coefficients are obtained by least‐squares fit of the experimental data. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011     

模拟卫星结构爆炸解体碎片分布特性

采用沙坑回收实验和理论分析相结合的方法,对铝薄壁圆柱模拟卫星结构爆炸解体碎片分布特性进行了研究。实验结果表明,卫星模拟结构爆炸解体行为显著受壁厚和剩余燃料量影响,壁厚越小或剩余燃料量越多,爆炸解体碎片越多,且碎片质量分布范围很广,从不足0.2 g颗粒到100 g以上不规则碎片。基于实验结果,结合带壳装药爆炸解体模型和卫星弱爆炸解体模型,建立了模拟卫星结构爆炸解体碎片总数分布分析模型和碎片质量分布分析模型,为卫星意外解体碎片分布特性的科学评估提供参考。     

柴油丙烷混合燃料的喷雾特性的试验研究

利用高速摄像和纹影成像系统研究了柴油溶解丙烷混合燃料喷雾特性。研究了不同比例柴油/丙烷混合燃料的喷雾发展过程,归纳出柴油溶解不同比例丙烷在不同环境背压下喷雾的喷射距离、破碎长度、喷雾锥角随时间的发展规律。研究结果表明:柴油溶解不同比例丙烷混合燃料与纯柴油的喷雾特性在形态上存在较明显的差别,但是在喷射距离、破碎长度和喷雾锥角与时间及背压的关系上规律相同,即喷射距离与时间呈指数关系,破碎长度与时间呈负指数关系。喷雾锥角随背压及柴油中溶解的丙烷含量的增加而增大。     

非淹没性低速圆射流特性研究

介绍了射流的基本概念、射流的分类和圆射流断裂理论。结合韦伯和列维奇半经验计算公式,在不同射流速度下,对两种孔径的孔口(d0=2mm和3.4mm)进行了非淹没性圆射流特性研究,并做了射流断裂长度的测定。通过实验值和半经验计算值的相互比较,结果显示,在较慢的射流速度下,用韦伯给出的半经验公式计算出的射流断裂长度值和实验值较接近。而在速度稍大一些时,用列维奇给出的公式计算出的射流长度值和实测值吻合得较好。     

Attachment-Related Strategies During Thought Suppression: Ironic Rebounds and Vulnerable Self-Representations.

The authors conducted 2 studies of attachment-related variations in thought suppression. Participants were asked, or not asked, to suppress thoughts about a relationship breakup and then to perform a Stroop task under high or low cognitive load. The dependent variables were the rebound, of previously suppressed separation-related thoughts (Study 1) and the accessibility of self-traits (Study 2). Under low cognitive load, avoidant individuals did not show any rebound of separation-related thoughts and activated positive self-representations. Under high cognitive load, avoidant participants failed to suppress thoughts of separation and were more likely to activate negative self-representations. Attachment anxiety was associated with high activation of negative self-representations and unremitting separation-related thoughts. The results are discussed in terms of the hidden vulnerabilities of avoidant individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

DYNAMICS OF BUBBLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN TURBULENT GAS-LIQUID DISPERSIONS

The population balance equation coupled with the proposed breakage kernel and the previously developed breakage model is applied to the analysts of bubble size distribution for non-coalescing systems in a bench-scale airlift column. Good agreement obtained between the theoretical results and the experimental data is encouraging and indicates that the model is suitable for predicting dispersion properties such as bubble size and interfacial area in turbulent gas-liquid dispersions.     

煤油凝胶液滴破碎时空特性实验研究

为了探究煤油凝胶液滴破碎的时间和空间分布特性,采用高速摄像机拍摄破碎过程,获得在不同气流速度下煤油凝胶液滴的破碎特征、流动参数对破碎时间和破碎区域的影响。结果表明:随着韦伯数(We)增大,煤油凝胶液滴依次发生与煤油(牛顿流体)液滴相同的破碎模态,且模态转换We随着胶凝剂含量的增加而提高。三种煤油凝胶的总破碎时间和初始破碎时间的比值(Ttot/Tini)均随奥内佐格数(Oh)的升高而降低,且均趋近于牛顿流体的该值(3.125)。在破碎结束时,横向破碎区域随着We数的升高而扩大,且胶凝剂含量越低范围越大;纵向破碎区域随着We数升高会扩大到一个极值,胶凝剂含量为1%和2%的煤油凝胶,破碎区域和初始液滴直径的比值趋于20,胶凝剂含量为3%时,该值趋近17。     

Droplet breakup in the square microchannel with a short square constriction to generate slug flow

Droplet breakup in microconstrictions is an important phenomenon in industrial applications. This work aimed to investigate the droplet breakup in the square microchannel with a short square constriction to generate the slug flow, which drew little attention before. Mechanism analysis indicated that this breakup process included the shear-force-dominated, squeezing-force-dominated, and pinch-off stages. Nonuniform daughter droplets were generated in the constriction with their interface restricted in the horizontal and perpendicular directions by the microchannel walls. The average relative deviation of the daughter droplet size was <30%, much lower than that for the breakup with the daughter droplet restricted only in one direction. An empirical equation with a deviation of <20% was provided to show the dependence of the daughter droplet size on the operation conditions. The comparison results suggested that the different restriction effects of microchannel wall on daughter droplets led to the different breakup mechanisms in different constrictions.     

剪切流中液滴变形及破裂的数值模拟

基于格子Boltzmann颜色梯度模型,针对二维剪切流场中液滴的变形及破裂进行了数值模拟,研究了剪切流动中毛细数Ca、雷诺数Re和流体黏度比λ对液滴变形的影响,并在Re-Ca相图中区分了三种不同的液滴变形或破裂方式。为了进一步掌握界面对液滴内部不同位置流体的作用,引入示踪粒子并分析其在液滴内的运动规律。结果表明：随着Ca的增大,液滴的变形效果和偏转角度更明显,示踪粒子运动受到的影响较大;随着Re的增加,液滴的变形程度加大,但偏转角度受其影响较弱,示踪粒子运动受其影响显著;在低黏度比（λ < 0.8）时,液滴会经历大幅度变形过程,当黏度比继续增大,其变形参数反而会减小;示踪粒子离初始圆心距离越近,运动路程越大,受到的剪切作用越大,且其在剪切作用下离界面越来越近,并最终达到稳定状态。