Three dimensional boundary element analysis of internal cracks under sliding contact load with a spherical indenter

Using boundary element based three dimensional modelling for linear fracture mechanics, we present an analysis of cracking in a homogeneous medium subject to contact load. The proposed iterative solution procedure allows a simultaneous treatment of a reasonable number of partially closed cracks. It is shown that the most probable direction of propagation of a vertical internal crack is strongly dependent on its size compared to the contact radius and its location with respect to the axis of maximum normal load.     

Threshold and growth mechanism of fatigue cracks under mode II and III loadings

ABSTRACT The fatigue crack growth behaviour of 0.47% carbon steel was studied under mode II and III loadings. Mode II fatigue crack growth tests were carried out using specially designed double cantilever (DC) type specimens in order to measure the mode II threshold stress intensity factor range, ΔK_IIth. The relationship ΔK_IIth > ΔK_Ith caused crack branching from mode II to I after a crack reached the mode II threshold. Torsion fatigue tests on circumferentially cracked specimens were carried out to study the mechanisms of both mode III crack growth and of the formation of the factory‐roof crack surface morphology. A change in microstructure occurred at a crack tip during crack growth in both mode II and mode III shear cracks. It is presumed that the crack growth mechanisms in mode II and in mode III are essentially the same. Detailed fractographic investigation showed that factory‐roofs were formed by crack branching into mode I. Crack branching started from small semi‐elliptical cracks nucleated by shear at the tip of the original circumferential crack.     

Significance of the elastic peak stress evaluated by FE analyses at the point of singularity of sharp V-notched components

The paper presents an expression useful to estimate the notch stress intensity factor (NSIF) from finite element analyses carried out by using a mesh pattern with a constant element size. The evaluation of the NSIF from a numerical analysis of the local stress field usually requires very refined meshes and then large computational effort. The usefulness of the presented expression is that (i) only the elastic peak stress numerically evaluated at the V‐notch tip is needed and no longer the whole stress–distance set of data; (ii) the adopted meshes are rather coarse if compared to those necessary for the evaluation of the whole local stress field. The proposed expression needs the evaluation of a virtual V‐notch tip radius, i.e. the radius which would produce the same elastic peak stress than that calculated by FEM at the sharp V‐notch tip by means of a given mesh pattern. Once such a radius has been theoretically determined for a given geometry, the expression can be applied in a wide range of notch depths and opening angles.     

JETS,PLUMES AND BUOYANT JETS IN STATIC ENVIRONMENT

Turbulence represents an essential aspect in atmospheric and oceanic circulations.In particu-lar,it is a preponderant factor in the dispersion of pollutants of artificial or natural origin.Thevertical turbulent jets,plumes and buoyant jets discharging into static environment is one of themost important and basic flow patterns related with the environment pollution.These flows havenumerous important applications,for example,thrust augmentors,waste disposal plumes fromstacks and combustion systems,and significant problems of turbulent diffusion.     

光缆CATV用DFB激光器发射组件

介绍了国内首次研制的光缆ＣＡＴＶ用１．３μｍＤＦＢ激光器组件。组件工作频带达到１ＧＨｚ，带内起伏〈１ｄＢ，组件的ＲＩＮ〈－１５３ｄＢ／Ｈｚ；出纤光功率〉２ｍＷ，载噪比ＣＮＲ〉５０ｄＢ。首次实现用低反射尖锥端光纤的ＤＦＢ激光器耦合。     

Analytical Calculation of Large-Scale Deflection of Pulse-Loaded Elliptic Plates

Large deflections of pulse-loaded elliptic and round plates made of hardenable elastoplastic materials are investigated analytically using an energy-based approach. Formulas that are convenient for engineering design have been derived.     

Measurements of Stress Intensity Factors of an Interface Crack Under Mixed Mode Loading

The optical method of caustics has been utilised to measure both the stress intensity factor for a crack lying along the interface of an aluminium/epoxy bimaterial specimen, and the mode mixity arising from the difference in the elastic properties across the interface. Measurements were carried out by using a novel modification to the method whereby caustics are produced and measured from both sides of the specimen, so compensating automatically for the distortion induced in the specimen due to misaligned loading fixtures. A flat reflective surface across the interface was obtained by adhering a reflective coating to the specimen. Verification that this coating does not affect measurement accuracy was obtained by comparing stress intensity factors measured from coated and uncoated monolithic aluminium specimens where good agreement was found to exist between both measurements.     

核桃软糖的防粘结研究

主要针对核桃软糖在气温稍高、湿度较大的环境中容易粘结，造成质量下降和贮藏期缩短的现象，通过改进配方和工艺，防止和延缓核桃软糖粘结，延长了产品的贮藏时间。     

压裂斜井时射孔处雁形裂缝产生及干扰分析

在已射孔的斜井压裂过程中，射孔孔眼处会出现一系列的几乎相互平行的雁形裂缝。这些裂缝的延伸、连接受到地层应力及裂缝本身的影响，情况较为复杂，但它们的延伸和连接对压裂的成功与否至关重要。笔者对裂缝模型进行简化，将复变函数理论与位错理论相结合，并且考虑了裂缝表面有流体压力作用且裂缝之间存在相互干扰的情况下，建立了无限大介质中裂尖应力强度因子的数学模型，利用该模型可对雁型裂缝之间的相互干扰进行力学分析。应用数值方法对所建立的数学模型求解，得到裂尖的应力强度因子及转角，来预测裂缝连接情况。该结果可用来指导压裂井的射孔施工。     

Design consideration of photocatalytic oxidation reactors using TiO2-coated foam nickels for degrading indoor gaseous formaldehyde

In the design process of the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) reactor using TiO₂-coated foam nickels, the optimum of catalyst film thickness, light intensity and flow velocity were considered. A model was developed to study the effect of catalyst film thickness on photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde by a TiO₂-coated foam nickel at continuous flow mode. In this model, external mass transfer and internal molecule diffusion-reaction were considered. A first-order kinetics equation was used to account for the photocatalytic reaction. Two exponential equations were employed to describe the distribution of light intensities in foam nickels and catalyst films, respectively. Validated with experimental data, the model can be used to predict the optimal thickness of catalyst films. A method for determining appropriate light intensities was proposed and discussed. The appropriate light intensity can be obtained by giving a margin, regarded as an excess coefficient, to the light intensity calculated based on the assumption of complete use of excited electron–hole pairs. The excess coefficient needs to be determined experimentally. In addition, the optimal flow velocity of PCO reactors could be consistent with the required one by changing the windward area of foam nickels. Based on the theoretical analyses, a novel PCO reactor containing 15 parallel-connected cells was designed. Each reaction cell was composed of an UV lamp and a TiO₂-coated tubular foam nickel. The performance of the reactor was tested by degrading gaseous formaldehyde at an indoor concentration level. The results showed that the reactor had low pressure loss and good degradation capability.