Phase inversion and its effect on the properties of polyester polyurethane cationomers

Polyester polyurethane cationomers are prepared using polyester polyol of molecular weight 2000 as soft segments, N-methyl diethanolamine as chain extender, glycolic acid as quaternization agent, methyl ethyl ketone as solvent, and 4,4'-diphenylenemethylene diisocyanate (MDI) as diisocyanate. Properties of the films cast from solutions and emulsions are studied by infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile-elongation testing. Ionization can cause phase separation and produces increased cohesion in the hard domains. The dispersion process can be divided into three stages involving a separation of hard segment aggregates due to adsorption of water on their surface, water entering into hard segment microionic lattics, and finally a rearrangement of agglomerates to form microspheres. The dispersion can disrupt the order in the hard domains and an increased phase separation.     

Flavonoid pigments in chalkhill blue (Lysandra coridon Poda) and other lycaenid butterflies

Nine flavonoids, namely, kaempferol, kaempferol 7-rharanoside, kaempferol 3-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-glucoside, kaempferol 3-glucoside, 7-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3,7-diglucoside, isorhamnetin 3-glucoside, and isorhamnetin 3,7-diglucoside, have been identified in the body and wings of the chalkhill blue butterflyLysandra coridon Poda. Flavonoids have also been found in 15 of a further 17 lycaenid species examined. Analysis of the two-dimensional paper chromatographic flavonoid patterns and aglycone results has shown that the flavonoid content ofL. coridon and the other lycaenids is dependent on the flavonoid content of the larval diet. Differences in the flavonoid patterns ofL. coridon and its leguminous larval food plantsHippocrepis comosa, Anthyllis vulneraria, andLotus corniculatus, indicate that the ingested flavonoids are metabolized byL. coridon or its gut flora before sequestration. Despite the presence of fiavones, glycoflavones, and isoflavones in the larval food plant species, only flavonols are sequestered by the lycaenid species examined. The relationship between lycaenid butterflies and their larval food plants, and the possible role(s) of flavonoids in lycaenids has been discussed. Interactions between ants, plants, flavonoids, and myrmecophilous lycaenids have also been considered.     

矩形毛坯最优层排样方式的动态规划算法*

讨论矩形毛坯无约束二维剪切排样问题,提出层排样方式的动态规划算法,使板材所含毛坯总价值最大。排样时使用一组平行的剪切线将板材分割为多个层,层的长度等于板材的长度或宽度,宽度等于最左边主毛坯的高度。通过动态规划算法确定所有可能尺寸层的最大价值和板材中层的最优组合。实验结果表明,该算法在满足实际应用要求的同时,板材利用率和计算时间两方面都较有效。     

基于正交试验设计的岩坡力学参数反演

对某岩坡Ⅲ区现场勘察后认为,该区为断层破碎带,属碎裂结构,岩体分级为Ⅳ级.由于地质情况复杂、岩体破碎以及边坡开挖引起的应力释放等原因,致使边坡岩体加固的力学参数用常规方法较难确定.运用正交试验设计的方法借助有限差分程序FLAC进行分析,以安全系数作为评价指标,模拟各参数不同水平的各种组合,对影响边坡稳定性的各因素进行了敏感性分析,并对边坡力学参数进行了反演,得出较为合理的力学参数,为边坡治理提供依据.     

攻击时间控制的动态逆三维制导律

为使导弹按照指定的攻击时间攻击目标,在俯仰通道采用增广比例导引,而在偏航通道采用机动控制,该机动控制的作用为调整导弹的攻击时间使其趋于标称值.用剩余时间误差来表示当前剩余时间和标称剩余时间的差值,这里的当前剩余时间按照当前时刻弹目距离与速度的比值来计算.由弹目相对运动关系可知,偏航通道的控制量通过前置角间接控制当前时刻的弹目距离,因此,该控制量通过前置角间接控制剩余时间误差.对此控制系统,采用时标分离的方法设计了期望的慢子系统和快子系统,对这两个子系统分别进行动态逆控制设计,得到了导弹偏航通道的机动控制指令.仿真结果表明,这种制导方法最终使剩余时间误差趋于0,实现了导弹的攻击时间控制,并在导引后期能够获得直线弹道.     

实行(列)对称矩阵的QR分解

提出了行(列)倒置矩阵与行(列)对称矩阵的概念,研究了它们的性质,获得了一些新的结果,给出了实行(列)对称矩阵的QR分解的公式,它们可极大地减少行(列)对称矩阵的QR分解的计算量与存储量,而且不会降低数值精度.     

An evaluation of deep thin coal seams and water-beating/resisting layers in the quaternary system using seismic inversion

Non-liner wave equation inversion, wavelet analysis and artificial neural networks were used to obtain stratum parame-ters and the distribution of thin coal seams. The lithology of the water-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system was also predicted. The implementation process included calculating the well log parameters, stratum contrasting the seismic data and the well logs, and extracting, studying and predicting seismic attributes. Seismic inversion parameters, including the layer velocity and wave impedance, were calculated and effectively used for prediction and analysis. Prior knowledge and seismic interpretation were used to remedy a dearth of seismic data during the inversion procedure. This enhanced the stability of the inversion method. Non-linear seismic inversion and artificial neural networks were used to interpret coal seismic lithology and to study the wa-ter-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system. Interpretation of the 1-2 m thin coal seams, and also of the wa-ter-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system, is provided. The upper mining limit can be lifted from 60 m to 45 m. The pre-dictions show that this method can provide reliable data useful for thin coal seam exploitation and for lifting the upper mining limit, which is one of the principles of green mining.     

智能材料二维问题的状态空间解

抛弃任何有关位移或应力模式的人为假设,引入状态空间理论,从压电、压磁智能材料和电磁耦合弹性介质材料二维问题的基本方程出发,建立了压电、压磁智能材料和弹性介质二维问题的状态变量方程,得到状态变量空间解,此解形式简单、便于应用.     

基于模拟退火的AVO无井约束反演

AVO(振幅随入射角变化)反演是一个非线性的组合最优化过程,运用弹性介质模型参数正演生成合成记录,以拟合观测数据。对于没有井资料的地区,结合勘探区域的地质情况对地震数据进行反演,最终得到勘探区域岩石物性参数。采用模拟退火算法进行AVO无井约束反演,对理论模型进行了试算,证明了模拟退火算法在AVO无井约束反演中的可行性。在模拟退火过程中,控制参数选择是重要的一步,要针对所要处理数据进行试验来确定这些参数的合理范围,如果参数选择不当,容易陷入局部极值,得到不理想的结果。     

基于神经网络的面波迭代反演应用研究

根据滩浅海近地表结构特征,尝试利用地震记录中的面波进行近地表结构研究,以便了解滩浅海地区的近地表地层介质结构变化,为深层油气勘探提供准确的低降速带资料.针对面波频散反演已有方法存在的不足,引入一种基于BP神经网络的迭代反演方法对面波的频散曲线进行拟合迭代,用于反演预测滩浅海低降速带地层参数.由于神经网络具有很强的自学习、自适应、自组织和容错能力,它的反演预测能力非常强大,能够较精确地预测出所要求解的目标数据,同时结合传统迭代反演方法的优点,增强了该方法的反演预测能力.通过对滩浅海近地表结构模型试算,获得好的效果,同时进一步对实际记录进行了计算,也取得了比较满意的结果.