反射波等时圆在岩体节理反演中的应用

节理对岩体工程有重要的影响,采用应力波反演节理产状有重要的工程意义。从振源点发出的应力波经节理面反射后返回地面,利用解析几何理论,根据点、线、面的相互关系,经过严密推导,得出该反射波走时公式,该公式建立了节理真倾向、真倾角值与地面测点走时的直接关系,描述出的地面反射波等时圆概念清晰、明确。实测时,绕发射点环形布置测点,利用MATLAB平台上编写的程序,搜寻出等时圆圆心后,再结合任一测点走时即可反演节理产状。     

基于模态分解和云粒子网络的大坝基岩地震动输入研究

在大坝抗震安全评价中基岩地震动输入多采用实测数据或人工生成等方式,而当坝址仪器损坏或历史震害资料不足时,确定基岩地震动就变得尤为困难。本文提出对大坝基岩地震动进行反演的研究思路,并开发了基于经验模态分解和云粒子网络的分解—训练—反演混合模型,在不依赖场地历史震害资料的情况下,仅用少量周边测站数据即可确定大坝的基岩地震动。首先,选取坝址周边地表及基岩的地震动实测记录,采用经验模态分解法将地震加速度序列分解;其次,通过粒子群算法建立与神经网络连接权值的映射,采用云理论优化粒子群算法的全局寻优能力,建立反演模型,将分解后的加速度序列作为训练集进行反演训练;然后,选取与大坝处于相似地质情况的地表实测地震动信息,结合反演模型对大坝基岩输入地震动进行反演;最后,以紫坪铺大坝为研究实例,通过对比传统输入方法,验证该模型的适用性。结果表明：本文所提的混合模型综合性能稳定,能较好地反演地震加速度序列,模型决定系数均大于0.9,平均绝对百分比误差均在11%左右;采用本文反演得到的基岩地震动进行计算,较已有研究成果计算误差降低0.79%~17.28%,与工程实际动力响应更为吻合。本文方法可为解决大坝基岩输入地震动的获取提供一条新途径。     

基于倒位变异的蜉蝣优化算法

蜉蝣算法(Mayfly Algorithm,MA)作为一种新型群智能优化算法,具有较好的寻优性能.但在高维非线性复杂问题上,蜉蝣算法依然容易出现早熟收敛现象.本文提出一种基于倒位变异的蜉蝣算法(Inversion Variation Mayfly Algorithm,IVMA),改变原算法在变异上的操作,随机选择个体的随机维度向全局最优个体的随机维度靠近,同时利用精英策略保留进化成果.利用倒位操作,将最优个体某一维度段内位置发生倒转,提高了算法跳出局部最优的能力.通过对10个测试函数的结果分析,表明本文所提出的算法具有较好的收敛精度,收敛性能得到了提高.     

一种基于分段偏最小二乘模型的土壤重金属遥感反演方法

土壤中重金属由于其毒性而成为最有害的环境污染物之一,利用遥感进行土壤重金属检测和分布制图是目前最为高效的手段。采用哨兵二号（Sentinel-2）多光谱影像与实测样品光谱数据,对山西省铜矿峪铜矿尾矿库及其周边农田土壤的铜（Cu）含量进行估算,利用68个土壤样品的反射光谱,优选出适合土壤铜含量预测的波段,结合分段偏最小二乘法（Piecewise Partial Least Squares Regression,P-PLSR）,对土壤铜含量进行估算,将模型用于Sentinel-2影像获得了Cu含量的空间分布。通过P-PLSR对实测样品光谱建模反演Cu含量的决定系数（R²）为0.89,预测偏差比（RPD）为2.82;利用Sentinel-2多光谱影像获得了该区域Cu元素含量空间分布,其Cu含量的估算精度R²为0.74,RPD为1.73,Cu含量高值区空间分布与尾矿库关系密切。Sentinel-2多光谱数据具有高空间分辨率（10、20和60 m）、高时间分辨率和幅宽大（290 km）等优势,通过敏感波段选择并建立反演模型,可实现大范围土壤环境制图。     

Hierarchical inversion‐based output tracking control for uncertain autonomous underwater vehicles using extended Kalman filter

In this study, a hierarchical inversion‐based output tracking controller (HIOTC) is developed for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) subject to random uncertainties (e.g., current disturbances, unmodeled dynamics, and parameter variations) and noises (e.g., process and measurement noises). The proposed HIOTC respectively utilizes a combination of feedforward and feedback controls in a hierarchical structure based on the kinematic and dynamic models of the system. Moreover, to obtain uncontaminated or unavailable states for implementing the proposed control law, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is employed to estimate the system states. Then, the position outputs, orientation, and velocity of the AUV are reached with guaranteed asymptotic stability. The robustness of the proposed HIOTC is verified through injection of random uncertainties into the system model. The closed‐loop stability of the proposed individual subsystems is respectively guaranteed to have uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) performance based on the Lyapunov stability criteria. In addition, the asymptotic tracking of the overall system is demonstrated using Barbalat's lemma. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme are evaluated through computer simulations and it is shown that the overall system achieves good asymptotic tracking performance.     

基于非负最小二乘法的一维MT正则化反演研究

为了有效地解决在大地电磁反演过程中出现的不适定性、解的不稳定性和非唯一性等问题,提出了基于非负最小二乘法的MT正则化反演算法,该算法的思想是通过引入正则化思想,模型约束目标函数被采用最光滑模型约束正则化矩阵,有效地改善了不适定问题得到有效改善。为了避免常规方法需要对电阻率取对数的情况,引入了快速非负最小二乘法(这里把反演参数设为电阻率,因而必须为正值),从而简化了反演过程中偏导数矩阵的计算。最后试算不同的地电模型,得到稳定的反演结果,表明了此反演算法是有效的。     

Study of probability integration method parameter inversion by the genetic algorithm

In order to obtain accurate probability integration method(PIM) parameters for surface movement of multi-panel mining, a genetic algorithm(GA) was used to optimize the parameters. As the measured surface movement is affected by more than one mining panel, traditional PIM parameter inversion model is difficult to ensure the reliability of the results due to the complexity of rock movement. With crossover,mutation and selection operators, GA can perform a global optimization search and has high computation efficiency. Compared with the pattern search algorithm, the fitness function can avoid falling into local minima traps. GA reduces the risk of local minima traps which improves the accuracy and reliability with the mutation mechanism. Application at Xuehu colliery shows that GA can be used to inverse the PIM parameters for multi-panel surface movement observation, and reliable results can be obtained. The research provides a new way for back-analysis of PIM parameters for mining subsidence under complex conditions.     

三维和二维电极反应器传质系数比较研究

为深入研究三维电极反应器处理污染物效果优于二维电极反应器的电化学作用机理,本文以传质系数为指标,定量对比研究了三维和二维电极反应器的传质能力,并通过正交和单因素实验考察影响传质系数的主要因素,且采用量纲分析法分析了本文的电化学模型。研究结果表明:泡沫铜和活性炭双填料三维电极反应器在同等条件下的传质系数均高于二维电极反应器;影响传质系数的主要因素为温度,其次为维度,影响相对较小的是流量,且温度越高、流量越大,传质系数也越大,体系的传质能力越强;舍伍德数的实验值和理论值误差在0~14.65%之间,理论模型和实验数据达到了较好的吻合。     

地球同步轨道SAR曲线轨迹二维空间分辨率分析

针对地球同步轨道合成孔径雷达(GEO SAR)中,卫星轨道是曲线轨迹,且由于地球自转等因素的影响,卫星相对于点目标的运动轨迹没有显式表达式,且航迹速度在不同的卫星轨道位置差异很大的问题,提出了一种基于相位梯度分析的高轨SAR二维空间分辨率计算方法.文中提出了一种猜想,并采用介值定理证明:在合成孔径时间内,存在1个等效航迹速度,使得理论方位向分辨率位于1个范围之内,并计算得到了该方位向分辨率范围.最后,后向投影算法仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

斜视圆迹环扫SAR模式特性分析及成像方法简

Circular scanning SAR(CSSAR) is a new mode for fast large area SAR imaging by increasing the azimuth scanning speed. The squint CSSAR possesses the advantages that the side-looking CSSAR does not have due to its unique observing direction. However, the available signal characteristic analysis and imaging method for side-looking CSSAR become questionable when applied to the squint CSSAR. This paper establishes the echo range model and analyzes several parameters such as azimuth scanning speed, Doppler characteristics and azimuth resolution according to the moving feature of squint CSSAR. Furthermore, the internal relationship between the squint CSSAR and the classical stripmap mode is revealed. The range approximation model as well as the corresponding imaging method is analyzed. Computer simulation results validate the conclusions and the imaging method.