电价及电费计算

电费计算工作政策性很强 ,本文依据现行电价制度及有关电费电价的政策法规精神 ,对不同的客户在不同用电方式下的电费计算问题 ,进行了归类总结。     

程控交换机计费系统设计中确保计费准确性的若干关键环节

本文介绍程控交换机计费系统的设计，并结合改进某进口程控交换机计费系统的实践，提出设计中确保计费准确性的若干关键环节。     

统一电力市场中兼具市场效率与经济公平的实现

南方电网中的五省(区)间差异巨大,为了建立统一的区域电力市场,在建立公平的交易机制和交易规则、促进自由竞争、提高市场效率的同时,必须考虑交易结果对区域内经济协调发展的影响。作者将关税理论应用于南方区域电力市场,结合各地区经济发展水平,提出了对自由竞争结果进行适度宏观调控的基本思路。算例分析表明,该思路是可行的。     

基于直流灵敏度法的可用传输容量输电费用评估

在竞争性的电力市场环境下,输电网的可用传输容量(Available Transfer Capability,ATC)输电费用是一个亟待解决的问题。提出了ATC传输费用的概念,阐述了直流潮流灵敏度法的ATC的传输费用算法,该方法利用直流潮流灵敏度的变化来分析电力市场环境下可用传输容量的问题,并利用潮流跟踪法将可用传输容量输电费用公平分摊到各个交易的参与者,最后使用所提算法以及常规最优潮流法对WSCC-9节点输电系统某时段的电力交易进行了仿真计算。结果表明,此方法计算速度快、迭代次数少,能有效地跟踪电力市场的变化,能够满足电力市场实时交易的要求,具有一定的经济实用价值。     

低压非大工业用户电能表与电价制改革初探

当前我国低压非大工业用户计费电能表及其电价制存在的问题已经制约了电力市场的正常发展和电力需求侧管理的开展。章提出了用双费率全功电能表和最大需用容量全功电能表取代原计费电能表，实行双费率综合电价和新两部制综合电价来取代现行简单制电价等改革措施以供参考。     

中国抽水蓄能电站建设经营现状分析

本通过对中国已建抽水蓄能电站典型系统的调查分析，探讨抽水蓄能电站的投融资政策．电价政策和管理模式等。为了了解中国抽水蓄能电站的实际运营情况，调查了五省(市)8座抽水蓄能电站，并对其投资．效益．贷款偿还能力等进行了分析计算。调研中注意了电站的型式和装机容量大小，代表性较好，反映了中国抽水蓄能电站的建设经营现状。     

Household consumption of electricity in Brazil between 1985 and 2013

This article describes the electricity consumption in Brazilian residences between 1985 and 2013 through linear regressions. The explanatory variables considered were the number of households, effective consumption of families as a proxy for family income, and electricity tariff for households. To deal with the power generation crisis of 2001 we have introduced a dummy variable in the form of a step function. With such explanatory variables, we were able to account for the reduction of household electricity consumption caused by the policies conducted in 2001 and their permanent consequences. The regression presented coefficient of determination of 0.9892, and the several statistic tests conducted assured the existence of long-term relation between the electricity consumption in residences and the explanatory variables. The obtained elasticities for the household consumption of electricity with respect to number of residences, family income and residential tariff of electricity were 1.534±0.095, 0.189±0.049, and −0.230±0.060, respectively. These results allowed understanding the evolution over time of the household consumption of electricity in Brazil. They suggest that the electric sector in Brazil should pursue an active policy to manage demand of residential electricity using tariffs as a means to control it.     

Spillover effects of distribution grid tariffs in the internal electricity market: An argument for harmonization?

In many countries, distribution grid tariffs are being reformed to adapt to the new realities of an electricity system with distributed energy resources. In Europe, legislative proposals have been made to harmonize these reforms across country borders. Many stakeholders have argued that distribution tariffs are a local affair, while the European institutions argued that there can be spillovers to other countries, which could justify a more harmonized approach. In this paper, we quantify these spillovers in a simplified numerical example to give insight and an order of magnitude. We look at different scenarios, and find that the spillovers can be both negative and positive. To be able to quantify these effects, we developed a long-run market equilibrium model that captures the wholesale market effects of distribution grid tariffs. The problem is formulated as a non-cooperative game involving consumers, generating companies and distribution system operators in a stylized electricity market.     

Supplementing an emissions tax by a feed-in tariff for renewable electricity to address learning spillovers

In the presence of learning spillovers related to renewable energy technologies, an optimal strategy to mitigate climate change should complement an emissions tax by a subsidy for renewables. This article addresses the question how such subsidy should be designed. It is shown that the widely-used approach of a revenue-neutral fixed feed-in tariff can yield an optimal outcome under restrictive conditions only. It has to be adapted continuously as the electricity price changes. Moreover, funding the tariff by a surcharge on the electricity price has important implications for the design of the emission tax. The optimal tax rate has to be below the Pigovian level, differentiated across fossil fuels and adapted over time as the patterns of technological development change. These requirements may pose a formidable challenge for practical decision-making. However, it is important to point out that the eventual choices made with respect to the design and funding of a feed-in tariff have to be based on a careful and more comprehensive policy assessment, including, inter alia, economic effects beyond the electricity sector and existing institutional constraints.     

峰谷分时电价对上海市居民用户用电特性影响分析

对居民用户实施峰谷分时电价是错避峰的一种有效手段。通过调查问卷形式,对上海地区实施居民峰谷分时电价后,不同收入水平居民的用电情况以及扩大峰谷电价比对居民用电的影响进行了调查,并对扩大峰谷电价比所产生的避峰量给出了详细的定量分析,对不同峰谷电价比情况下的居民用户的用电成本进行了分析,建议实施三段式电价,从而让居民用户从分时电价中得到更多实惠。