用CS5460A设计三相多功能电能表的若干技术问题(上)

介绍采用CS5460A的多功能电能表设计方案,重点讨论了几个特殊技术问题,诸如：三相有功电能处理,无功功率算法及极性判别,需量算法及数字校准等。     

我国关税有效保护结构分析

在阐明关税有效保护结构实现产业结构调整的基本机制的基础上,通过分析我国关税有效保护结构的现状,提出了若干进一步优化我国关税结构,促进国内产业协调发展的建议。     

试论英国自由贸易政策

随着工业革命的高歌猛进 ,19世纪四五十年代 ,英国工业资产阶级要求废除代表土地贵族利益的保护关税政策 ,实行代表本阶级利益的自由贸易政策 ,并如愿以偿。自由贸易政策的实施促进了英国资本主义的发展和繁荣 ,使工业资产阶级获得了独占政治的统治权 ,但是 ,对殖民地、半殖民地国家而言 ,自由贸易政策则是一种经济侵略政策。     

联合循环机组的电价计算方法与评论

联合循环机组的电价计算 ,按年成本费用法 ,以美分 /(kW·h)或美元 /(kW·a)为单位 ,可得到每年的发电成本和上网电价 ,这种方法简便、准确。降低天然气成本 ,提高联合循环机组的效率 ,是降低联合循环机组发电成本的最有效的途径。     

加入WTO后对中国化妆品工业影响的分析

本文结合关税、市场发展趋势、技术含量、进出口额等多方面的因素和状况,对中国加入ＷＴＯ后,使其化妆品工业面临的利和弊作了分析。     

城镇居民生活用水的计量经济学分析与应用实例

价格是影响用水的最主要因素之一。本文应用入户调查的数据，应用计量经济学方法分析了深圳市城镇居民生活用水的价格弹性和收入弹性；计算了假设的水价调整方案对深圳市城镇居民生活需水的影响，并提出了对深圳市水价调整的建议。分析结果表明，深圳特区内、外在用水行为和价格对用水的影响方面存在明显的差别，目前深圳的阶梯水价设置不合理；价格可以作为调整深圳水资源供需关系的有效手段；为了有效控制用水的快速增加，应同时调整价格水平和阶梯。     

南水北调主体工程供水价格测算有关因素的分析

南水北调工程是一项特大型长距离跨流域调水工程,建立合理的水价机制对于确保工程建成后的良性运行和工程综合效益充分发挥具有十分重要的意义。分析提出了南水北调主体工程供水价格测算的原则、供水成本项目组成、利润率及税金、还贷方式和价格水平等内容,对合理测算南水北调主体工程供水价格涉及的有关因素进行了深入分析,提出了水价测算工作的有关意见建议,以期为南水北调工程水价政策研究提供参考。     

What is the role of value-added service in a remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain?

While the previous literature overlooks value-added service in a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC), we consider new research problems with embedding value-added service into remanufacturing models. In this paper, we mainly study the role of value-added service in a CLSC and investigate how the value-added service influences profits and other decision variables. Then, we evaluate the performance of the CLSC in different service structures, where a manufacturer or a retailer provide the value-added service. Systematic comparisons and numerical studies show that the supply chain is more effective when service is provided by a manufacturer rather than by a retailer. Also, value-added service improves the whole supply chain performance and plays a regulatory role in a CLSC and influences the decisions of supply chain members. We also show that while a service cost-sharing mechanism can only optimise rather than achieve the supply chain coordination, and the degree of optimisation depends on cost-sharing percentage, the two-part tariff contract can be an effective mechanism to coordinate decentralised service scenarios by generating the same supply chain performance in a centralised service architecture model.     

Simplicity is beauty: pricing coordination in two-product supply chains with simplest contracts under voluntary compliance

Pricing is an important topic in supply chains. In this paper, we explore the coordination challenge with the use of simplest contracts for the case with two products. To be specific, we consider a single-manufacturer single-retailer make-to-order supply chain. In the base model, we consider the case when the product demands are independent and derive the optimal pricing decisions under a decentralised setting. Comparing with the centralised setting, we show that double marginalisation in the decentralised setting reduces the supply chain efficiency by 25%. We then find that the simpler contracts such as the three-parameter two-part tariff (3P-TT) contract and the three-parameter revenue sharing (3P-RS) contract can coordinate the two-product supply chain. We extend the analysis in two cases: (i) the case when the products are substitutable and (ii) the case when the retailer is risk averse, and show that both the 3P-TT and 3P-RS contracts can coordinate the respective supply chain. We also find that the degrees of product substitution and retailer’s risk averse significantly influence the supply chain performance.