带肋钢筋与灌浆料黏结性能试验

为灌浆料在预制装配式结构及加固改造领域提供理论依据,进行了27个带肋钢筋-灌浆料拉拔试验,研究了试件的破坏模式和黏结强度随变量的变化规律,分析了灌浆料开裂、压碎过程及与过程相对应的典型黏结-滑移曲线各阶段.基于试验数据,拟合了灌浆料黏结锚固强度公式、黏结强度对应的滑移值公式和黏结应力-滑移关系式,提出了钢筋在灌浆料中的锚固长度经验值.结果表明:随着保护层厚度增大,试件平均黏结强度不断增大,相比于混凝土,保护层厚度增大相同幅度,灌浆料黏结强度增长慢;随着钢筋直径增大,平均黏结强度减小;随着钢筋锚固长度增加,试件平均黏结强度降低,相比于自密实混凝土,锚固长度增加相同幅度,灌浆料黏结强度增长快;强度等级相同时,灌浆料黏结强度高于普通混凝土;钢筋与灌浆料间黏结性能和钢筋与混凝土间黏结性能有差异.     

Supporting adaptive capacity of agropastoralists through fish production and marketing: The case of Tendaho Reservoir

The present study was conducted to share the experience of promoting fish production and marketing from the Tendaho Reservoir of the Afar region, Ethiopia. The study results indicate the reservoir is serving its purpose, namely to generate gainful employment for the pastoralist youth and to create sustainable livelihoods and sources of income for the pastoralist‐fishermen of the Afar region. Further, the reservoir fish production has improved the nutrition and food security status of children. It also created a new business entry for hotels and restaurants in the area. Fishermen in the study areas, however, face problems getting the required support for such efforts, in the form of training in fish post‐harvest practices. The present study also indicates dried catfish marketing should be targeted in the short run to address the substantial fish spoilage observed in the high‐production hot season. Dried catfish marketing is highly recommended for the Afar region since it is well adapted to the climate of the study area, noting the product is less perishable and can be sold throughout the country. Dried catfish marketing is also expected to address the problem of gender inclusiveness, an issue clearly missing in the fish production system in the study areas.     

Influence of a high‐head dam as a dispersal barrier to fish community structure of the Upper Mississippi River

In river systems, high‐head dams may increase the distance‐decay of fish community similarity by creating nearly impermeable dispersal barriers to certain species from upstream reaches. Substantial evidence suggests that migratory species are impacted by dams, and most previous studies in stream/river networks have focused on small streams and headwaters. Here, we assess whether a high‐head dam (Lock and Dam 19; LD 19) on a large river, the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), substantially alters fish community structure relative to variability expected to occur independent of the dam's effect as a fish dispersal barrier. Using fish catch per unit effort data, we modelled the distance‐decay function for the UMR fish community and then estimated the similarity that would be expected to occur across LD19 and compared it with measured similarity. Measured similarity in the fish community above and below LD19 was close to the expected value based on the distance‐decay function, suggesting LD19 does not create an abrupt transition in the fish community. Although some migratory fish species no longer occur above LD19 (e.g., skipjack herring, Alosa chrysochloris), these species do not occur in high abundance below the dam and so do not drive variation in fish community structure. Instead, much of the variation in species structure is driven by the loss/gain of species across the latitudinal gradient. Lock and Dam 19 does not appear to be a clear transition point in the river's fish community, although it may function as a meaningful barrier for particular species (e.g., invasive species) and warrant future attention from a management perspective.     

Influence of habitat heterogeneity and bed surface complexity on benthic invertebrate diversity in a gravel‐bed river

Maintaining or restoring physical habitat diversity is a central tenet of sustainable river management, yet a link between habitat and ecological diversity in fluvial systems has long remained equivocal. The lack of consistent evidence partly reflects the problems of characterizing habitat in ways that are ecologically meaningful. This paper assesses the influence of habitat heterogeneity and complexity on macroinvertebrate assemblages in a mountain gravel‐bed river. With the use of 0.1‐m resolution data obtained from an acoustic Doppler current profiler, heterogeneity and complexity in hydraulic conditions and bed topography were characterized using 13 metrics applied to 30 areas, each 1 m², with an invertebrate sample collected from each area. Turnover of invertebrate taxa (i.e., β‐diversity) between sampled areas was rather limited, but observed differences in diversity were related significantly to several metrics of habitat heterogeneity. Invertebrate abundance was related to habitat diversity, patch size coefficient of variation, and patch size, whereas the Shannon diversity was related to the number of patches and patch size. None of the habitat complexity metrics accounted for a significant amount of observed variation in invertebrate communities between sampled areas. The paper demonstrates that high‐resolution data can help reveal relationships between habitat and benthic invertebrate diversity.     

鳙鱼鱼鳞盐酸脱钙工艺及动力学研究

鱼鳞脱钙是从鱼鳞中提取胶原蛋白的重要的前处理过程。以鳙鱼鱼鳞为对象、盐酸溶液为脱钙剂、羟基磷酸钙消耗速率为目标,采用单因素实验方法分别考察了反应时间、羟基磷酸钙浓度、盐酸溶液浓度和反应温度对羟基磷酸钙消耗速率的影响并确定了最佳工艺条件分别为40 min、0.017 4 mol·L-1、0.5 mol·L-1和20℃。在最佳工艺条件下,羟基磷酸钙消耗速率为3.744 9×10-4mol·L-1·min-1,相应的脱钙率为86.20%。建立了盐酸脱钙的动力学方程,模型反映了羟基磷酸钙消耗速率随羟基磷酸钙浓度、盐酸溶液浓度与温度的变化关系,其理论值与实验值基本吻合,可用于过程调节、产品控制和预测不同条件下羟基磷酸钙的反应消耗速率。     

基于约束优化问题的人工鱼群算法及其改进

在人工鱼群算法基础上,对人工鱼群算法进行改进,结合遗传算法提出的适应度函数来解决约束优化问题.具体表现在改进了人工鱼的觅食行为,另外引入了吞噬行为以便加快收敛速度,得到更优的适应度值.仿真结果表明改进的人工鱼群算法在解决约束优化问题时,具有收敛速度快、适应度值优、全局寻优性能强等优点.改进的人工鱼群算法较之基本人工鱼群算法具有更好的性能.     

电站锅炉过热器泄露原因及典型案例分析

近几年,电站锅炉中过热器泄露事件时有发生.本论文分析了过热器泄露的典型案例,讨论了影响锅炉过热器泄露的主要因素,并针对机组状况提出了行之有效的防治措施,提高了机组的经济性和安全性.     

基于16S rRNA 基因的戈登氏菌演化分析

探讨19种戈登氏菌共31株间16S rRNA基因演化关系。利用16S rRNA基因序列进行相似性分析和同源性比对,并运用Neighbor-Joining法构建进化树,进行演化分析。其中13条16S rRNA基因序列来自临床分离株,其他16S rRNA基因序列来自Genbank。结果表明：13株临床分离菌株包含4株Gordonia paraffinivorans,6株Gordonia bronchialis 和3株 Gordonia sputi,临床分离株的相似性百分比为93．5％-99．7％;16S rRNA基因序列在戈登氏菌不同种间存在较为明显的差异性（2％—6．2％）,可将临床分离株鉴定到种。进化分析结果显示：戈登氏菌分为两大类群,三种临床分离株在演化上按出现的先后依次为Gordonia bronchialis、Gor-donia sputi、Gordonia paraffinivorans。所做研究可为戈登氏菌相关疾病的流行、预防、治疗和控制提供一定的参考。     

农村公路典型路段事故风险评价方法

农村公路急弯、陡坡、路侧险要等典型路段往往是事故易发多发路段。在现阶段农村公路安保工程资金有限的情况下,需对既有典型路段的事故风险进行定量评价和排序,为隐患路段的排查和安保工程分期实施提供依据。在现有研究成果的基础上,构建典型路段事故风险评价指标体系,提出一种基于贝叶斯网络的农村公路典型路段事故风险评价方法。该方法能有效集结专家知识和经验定量评价典型路段(包括单一路段和组合路段)的事故风险,并可以随着数据的更新不断完善模型。在农村公路事故资料相对缺乏的情况下,该方法具有较强的实用性。     

基于人工鱼群遗传算法的 DNA 编码优化

针对DNA计算中的编码序列设计问题,分析DNA编码序列设计的目标和需要满足的约束条件,从中选择适当的约束条件,给出评估公式,提出人工鱼群遗传算法生成有效的DNA编码序列。经实验结果表明,所述算法比遗传算法及遗传粒子群算法产生的DNA编码序列质量更加稳定可靠。