基于组件的典型零部件快速设计系统的开发

文章提出了一种基于组件技术的典型零部件快速设计系统的开发技术,通过开发基于组件的典型零部件设计校核模块,建立基于XML技术的典型零部件的模型库及其管理模块,同时为适应工程图的要求,开发了国标符号程序库,达到了跨多种CAD平台的软件及设计资源复用的需要。并以Pro/E平台为例,通过API接口组件的开发,实现了该平台下的典型零部件的设计计算、造型、生成符合国标的工程图,极大地提高了设计效率。     

燃煤飞灰对痕量重金属吸附脱除的研究

煤燃烧过程中生成的飞灰实际上是一种吸附痕量重金属的固体吸附剂，而飞灰结构和组分、灰中含碳量以及烟气温度等因素对飞灰吸附脱除痕量重金属有不同的影响。研究表明，这种吸附脱除机理是一种复杂的物理吸附和化学反应及化学吸附的组合，飞灰本身的结构特性和化学组分对痕量元素的吸附影响很大，烟温也是关键的影响因素，而灰中含碳量对其影响很小。     

烟囱和逆温高度对污染物扩散的作用

采用高烟囱扩散稀释的方法。可以使大气污染物向更高、更广的范围扩散。姚电公司坑口发电厂把100m的矮烟囱改为240m高的烟囱，地面SO2浓度的年平均值减少为原来的1／5．2到1／7．5。减轻了局部地区的空气污染。     

基于典型场景集的虚拟电厂与配电网协同定价策略

虚拟电厂（virtual power plant,VPP）技术能够有效地提升配电网运行灵活性和可再生能源消纳水平,为描述电力市场环境下配电系统中多种资源的不确定性,采用拉丁超立方抽样和多尺度NJW谱聚类算法获取了包含电价、负荷、可再生能源出力等多种随机因素的典型场景集;根据典型场景集,考虑配电网与虚拟电厂的网络结构、潮流安全、机组出力等约束条件,建立了基于虚拟电厂与配电网各自利益最大化的优化模型,并提出一种基于虚拟电厂与配电网交替优化的协同定价策略。算例仿真结果表明,所提方法充分地考虑了多种随机因素,能够合理地制定虚拟电厂与配电网的交易电价,维持系统功率平衡。     

合院住宅在北京的使用与流布——从乾隆《京城全图》说起

本文以乾隆《京城全图》为依托，讨论了明代至民国时期合院式住宅在京城的使用与流布情况。指出明代朱元璋制定的适用于大官人之“样房”可以看作后世标准合院的先导，它强调了与廊院相关的一正两副型院落的官宅身份，并促成这种院落获得了较大的流布空间；乾隆时期京城一正两副型住宅的采用是有限的，而标准合院更少；民国时期，由于社会的错动以及北京人口的增长，不但造成一正两副型住宅数量的增加以及合院的“平民化”，并且连曾经十分少见的抄手游廊也成了所谓北京“典型民居”的必配要件。     

The Achievements of Advanced Manufacturing Techniques in Aviation and Aerospace Industries

In this paper, the recent achievements in the advanced manufacturing technology are presented. The laser forming of sheet metals, rapid forming, precision casting, precision forging, inertia friction welding are developed for aviation and aerospace industries. The main topics including the advantages, principle of manufacturing, processing parameters and control, typical processing applied in practice and typical work-pieces for those advanced manufacturing technologies are summarized.     

变表皮系数试井解释模型建立及应用

目前大部分试井数学模型将表皮系数视为常数,然而这仅是一种简化的处理。在实际生产过程中,注入或产出的流体可能冲刷岩石颗粒或者携带杂质颗粒进入地层,因此表皮系数是随时间变化的。文中将受影响区域的平均渗透率定义为一个时间的函数,利用经典表皮系数的定义,建立了表皮系数与时间的关系式,称之为变表皮系数;将该变表皮系数代替传统试井解释模型内视为常数的表皮系数,建立变表皮系数试井解释数学模型;利用拉普拉斯变换求解出该模型在拉氏空间内的解,并利用Stehfest数值反演计算出实空间的解;做出无量纲井壁压力和压力导数随时间变化的双对数图,并分析了变表皮系数表达式中各参数对无量纲井壁压力及压力导数的影响。文中利用胜利油田胜2区块一口井的实测试井数据进行实例分析,说明了该模型的适用性。     

陶粒窑大气污染物排放限值研究

通过分析烧结陶粒生产工艺及产排污节点,系统梳理了陶粒窑烟气执行的大气污染物排放标准,探讨了近年来研究较多的淤泥等固废制备陶粒过程执行现有标准可能存在的问题,为相关陶粒制备企业提供参考。     

Simulation on coal-fired supercritical CO2 circulating fluidized bed boiler: Coupled combustion with heat transfer

Using supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO₂) as the working fluid integrated in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler is a rising technology used to improve the power generation efficiency and reduce gas pollutant emissions in coal-fired power generation systems. This study established a comprehensive 3-D model based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian frame to simulate the combustion process. A new method was presented using constant heat flux as the boundary obtained from the coupled simulation of heat transfer and combustion. The gas phase was described with large eddy simulation (LES). The solid phase used the multi-phase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) approach. Simulations were carried out in a 10 MW S-CO₂ CFB boiler (with cross section area of 3.557 × 3 m² and height of 21.01 m). Combustion characteristics obtained in boundary heat flux and excess air ratio were numerically investigated. Results showed that the temperature profile was relatively uniform in the whole boiler and the furnace temperature increased with the increase of boundary heat flux. Emissions of CO₂ and SO₂ declined with the increase of boundary heat flux while CO emission increased. An increased excess air ratio caused a decrease in furnace temperature and the rise of CO and SO₂. The characteristics of combustion and pollutant emissions were optimal with the heat flux at around 25–37 kW/m² and an excess air ratio at 1.18–1.25.     

Rapid degradation of metamitron and highly complex mixture of pollutants using MIL-53(Al) integrated combustion synthesized TiO2

In the present work, we report a new approach for the synthesis of TiO₂-MIL-53(Al) (MIL: Matériaux de l′Institut Lavoisier) nano-composite. The integration of microwave synthesized metal organic framework (MOF) with combustion synthesized metal oxide is reported for the first time. The synthesized materials were characterized using an X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, porosimeter, and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscope. The diffraction pattern of the composite indicated the presence of TiO₂ as well as MIL-53(Al). Furthermore, the presence of anatase–rutile mixed phase of TiO₂ in the synthesized material was observed. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum was in support of XRD observations. A significantly low surface area and porosity of the composite material, compared to its parent components, was observed. The surface micrograph image of the composite depicted its nano-sheet type morphology. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the presence of Ti, Al, C and O in the composite material. The composite material exhibited a narrow band-gap compared to the pristine MIL and TiO₂.As an application, the photocatalytic activity of synthesized material was determined by the degradation of metamitron. The application part is also one of the novelties of the present work. The effect of catalyst loading, initial concentration of metamitron and presence of inorganic ions on the photocatalytic degradation was investigated. The reusability of the composite material was evaluated. A plausible mechanism of photocatalytic degradation is proposed based on radical scavenging experiments. To the best of our knowledge, to date, there is no study on the application of TiO₂-MOF composite for the photocatalytic degradation of herbicide. Further, the synthesized material was successfully used for the photocatalytic degradation of a complex mixture of pollutants comprising metamitron, methylene blue, rhodamine B and 2, 4-dichlorophenol. This is a first of its kind study to demonstrate the application of TiO₂-MOF composite for photocatalytic degradation of a highly complex mixed pollutant.