高压CO_2处理对西瓜汁的影响

以海南麒麟西瓜为原料,榨汁后进行HPCD(高压CO2)杀菌处理,处理温度为25℃,压力为20 MPa和30 MPa,处理时间分别为10、30和60 min,测定HPCD处理后西瓜汁的主要理化指标、细菌总数和PME酶(果胶甲基酯酶)活性变化。结果表明:HPCD处理后西瓜汁pH值降低0.3～0.7、可溶性固形物无明显变化、颜色更红、浊度增加,细菌总数降低可达到2个对数,果胶甲基酯酶活性可降低50%。     

尼生素协同超高压处理对枯草芽孢杆菌存活率的影响

目的:本实验研究了尼生素协同超高压处理对枯草芽孢杆菌存活率的影响.方法:采用响应曲面方法中的Pentagonal模式,对超高压处理枯草芽孢杆菌进行了实验优化设计,并进行了实验分析.结果:(1)压力、尼生素是超高压灭活枯草芽孢杆菌显著影响因子;(2)在本实验条件范围内建立的超高压杀灭枯草芽孢杆菌的回归模型有效,并可用于预测本实验条件范围内以及附近取值的枯草芽孢杆菌超高压杀菌结果;(3)添加尼生素比增加温度能更有效地协同超高压杀灭枯草芽孢杆菌;(4)在添加0.05mg/ml的尼生素基础上继续增加尼生素浓度,杀灭枯草芽孢杆菌效果不断提高,但增加速度不明显.     

稳高压消防给水系统简介

设有稳压装置（稳压泵或气压水罐等）的消防给水系统,在我国归属于临时高压给水系统,也有认为应归属于高压给水系统。分析了这类消防给水系统与高压、临时高压给水系统的不同点,以及命名为稳高压给水系统的必要性,并就其分类、特点和技术问题作必要的阐述。     

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on physicochemical and biochemical properties of milk

Interest in high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) applications on milk and dairy products has recently increased as HHP offers a new technology for food preservation to the food industry. Although HHP-induced microbial destruction, rennet or acid coagulation of milk and increase in cheese yield has been reported, the actual effect of HHP application on milk constituents still remains to be unexplained. Therefore, we have analyzed the effect of HHP on physicochemical and biochemical properties such as turbidity, pH and especially protein micelle surface hydrophobicity of milk proteins. To serve for this purpose, milk samples with different fat contents were pressurized from 110 to 440 MPa at 25 °C for 10 and 20 min. Turbidity decreased with pressure increase and there was a slight change in pH. In order to measure the extent of exposure of hydrophobic groups of proteins to HHP, the method described by Bonomi et al. [1], based on use of a fluorescent probe, was utilized. In the light of the results obtained, it can be concluded that HHP has an effect on non-covalent interactions and especially hydrophobic bonds in milk. As the pressure is increased from 110 to 440 MPa, the micelles possibly decompose into sub-micelles and the embedded hydrophobic areas inside these micelles re-position in such a way that they can readily interfere with the fluorescent marker, ANS. These results may lead to practical applications of HHP treatment in the dairy industry to produce microbiologically safe, minimally processed products with high nutritional and sensory quality and novel texture.     

Inactivation Kinetics of Geobacillus stearothermophilus Spores in Water Using High-pressure Processing at Elevated Temperatures

ABSTRACT: Establishment of a high-pressure sterilization process requires data on pressure and temperature-dependent inactivation kinetics of target pathogenic, spoilage, or surrogate spore-forming bacteria in the food being tested. The objective of this study was to examine the response of Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC10149 spores to various temperature, time, and pressure combination treatments (500 to 700 MPa; 92°C to 111°C, 0.01 to 360 s). The pressure inactivation of spores was characterized at elevated temperatures under isobaric and isothermal conditions during the holding time using a laboratory-scale high-pressure unit. The inactivation kinetics was well described by the log-linear regression model. As expected, the rate of spore inactivation increased with increasing pressure and temperature. Decimal reduction times at constant pressure ( D _T,P values) varied from 29.4 to 108.8 s at 92°C, 17.4 to 76 s at 100°C, and 6.1 to 51.3 s at 111°C within the pressure range of 500 to 700 MPa. The resistance of spores to temperature and pressure was characterized with z_T and z_P values and compared with their resistance to conventional steam heating. The conventional thermal resistance of G. stearothermophilus species did not correlate to the thermal resistance at high pressure. The study provides kinetic data on the effects of pressure and temperature on the inactivation of a heat-resistant bacterial spore species under conditions applicable to the commercial processing of low-acid foods.     

Tenderizing Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Bovine Intramuscular Connective Tissue

ABSTRACT:  The effect of high-pressure treatment on bovine intramuscular connective tissue was investigated under various pressures (0.1 to 500 MPa) at 8 °C for 5 min. Shear force value, heat solubility of collagen, and structural changes of pressurized intramuscular connective tissues were evaluated. High hydrostatic pressure tenderized bovine intramuscular connective tissue as well as meat. The heat solubility of collagen increased ( P < 0.05) with high pressure, which indicates a reduction of collagen thermal stability. However, high pressure could not degrade collagen molecules by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. Collagen-derived peptide analysis also suggested that high pressure could not degrade the molecular structure of collagen, but could dissociate the collagen fibers or fibrils into fibrils or molecules. Histological study showed that high pressure induced structural weakening of intramuscular connective tissue, especially perimysium.     

High-pressure-induced changes in bovine milk: a review

High-pressure (HP) treatment of food products is a novel processing technique during which the product is treated in a vessel of suitable strength at a high pressure, generally in the range 100–1000 MPa. As a result, several constituents and properties of the treated product are altered. HP-induced changes in the constituents and properties of milk are arguably among the most extensive of the range of food products studied to date. HP treatment of milk induces solubilization of minerals associated with the casein micelles, denatures whey proteins and, depending on pressure, can either induce aggregation or disruption of the casein micelles. These HP-induced changes in milk constituents affect the properties of the milk; cheesemaking properties of milk can be enhanced considerably, indicating potential application of HP treatment in this area; furthermore, encouraging results have also been reported for HP treatment of milk prior to yogurt manufacture. HP treatment of milk also affects its microflora; however, considerable variation in baroresistance between bacterial species and strains exists. Further applied research appears warranted to establish the full commercial potential of HP treatment of milk.     

基于高压结合酶法制备的低敏虾制品体内体外致敏性检测的差异性分析

采用高压结合酶法处理凡纳滨对虾的虾蛋白、虾仁泥（虾肉）和虾仁,获得3 种低敏虾制品;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测3 种虾制品的过敏原性,采用全身性过敏反应（过敏性休克模型）及致敏离体回肠平滑肌收缩实验（Schultz-Dale反应）检测3 种低敏虾制品的致敏性,以分析体内与体外方法检测虾制品致敏性的差异性。结果显示：处理前的3 种原料过敏原性极高。经高压结合酶法处理的虾蛋白、虾肉和虾仁的过敏原性分别消减97.0%、94.1%和94.5%。而在动物实验中（以磷酸缓冲盐溶液为阴性对照,未处理虾蛋白为阳性对照,以豚鼠为受试对象）,未处理虾蛋白组的过敏反应发生率与死亡率均为100%,3 种低敏虾制品的过敏反应发生率也为100%,死亡率分别为16.7%（虾蛋白产物）、50%（虾肉产物）和83.3%（虾仁产物）。致敏的离体回肠受到3 种低敏虾制品攻击后,收缩力也明显增强,分别达到376.9%、766.2%和1 004.4%。上述结果表明,对高压结合酶法制备的低敏虾制品过敏原性的检测,体外检测与体内检测存在一定的差异性。     

动态超高压微射流法提取黑木耳多糖工艺研究

以黑木耳多糖得率为指标,以料液比、微射流压力、提取温度和提取时间为主要考察因素,采用正交试验法优化动态超高压微射流技术提取黑木耳多糖的最佳工艺参数。结果表明,动态超高压微射流技术提取黑木耳多糖的最佳工艺条件为:提取时间2h,料液比1∶40(g/mL),微射流压力140MPa,提取温度90℃。该工艺条件下,黑木耳多糖得率为22.13%。