DSS新型膜设备工业化试验研究

丹麦DSS公司平板膜设备在中国实现了工业化应用，包括处理化学纸浆废水回收木质素、茶叶汁浓缩制备速溶茶粉、纯化古龙酸钠发酵液，已有M36、M37、M30和M38型设备在生产线上运行．新型设备M39型在板型和流道安排上有重大改进，在分离纯化发酵液工业化试验中取得了成功，并比M38型有较高速率．     

Electroseparation of an antibacterial peptide fraction from snow crab by-products hydrolysate by electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes

Recently, a snow crab by-products hydrolysate has demonstrated antibacterial properties due to a peptide with a molecular weight of about 800 Da, but only at high concentration. Consequently, peptide hydrolysate has been fractionated to obtain peptides in a more purified form. The aim of this work was to separate a snow crab by-products hydrolysate by electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes (EDUF). EDUF, which allows separation of molecules according to their charges and molecular weights, was used to recover and concentrate the active antibacterial fraction. Two different ultrafiltration membranes (20 and 50 kDa) and two electrical field strengths (2 and 14 V/cm) were used as separation parameters. After EDUF separation, the 300-600 Da peptide molecular weight range was the most recovered with an abundance of 94%. Moreover, fractionation at 14 V/cm with ultrafiltration membranes of 50 kDa allowed the recovery of an anionic fraction which showed antibacterial properties on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Listeria innocua HPB 13.     

Use of Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) Membranes in the Ultrafiltration of Aqueous Fe3+ Solutions by Complexing with Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and Dextran

Abstract

In this study water soluble complexible polymers, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and dextran, were used for the ultrafiltration (UF) of aqueous Fe⁺³ solutions by using poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (PMMA-co-MA) membranes. Effects of polymer concentration and pH on the volume collected in the filtration of Fe⁺³ solutions and percent retentions (R%) were examined. It was determined that increase in polymer concentration decreased the permeability of PMMA-co-MA membrane and pH increased the retention of Fe³⁺ solutions. R% for Fe³⁺ solutions were obtained as 62% and 48% with PVP and dextran respectively at pH 3.0, for a filtration period of 80 minutes and retention for Fe³⁺ solution without using any complex forming polymer was found as 14%. Membranes were characterized by AFM analysis and contact angle measurements.     

Influence of Coagulant Salt Addition on the Treatment of Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions by Centrifugation,Ultrafiltration, and Vacuum Evaporation

Abstract

Droplet size is a key factor in the treatment of oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions, because of its influence on emulsion properties. The addition of a coagulant salt generally causes emulsion destabilization, increasing the droplet size, and enhancing coalescence between oil droplets, which helps its further treatment. The influence of CaCl₂ addition on droplet size distribution of a commercial O/W emulsion used in machining processes was studied in order to facilitate oil removal and to improve its further treatment by centrifugation, ultrafiltration (UF) and vacuum evaporation. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) was observed at a CaCl₂ concentration of 0.05 M. The quality of the final aqueous effluent, expressed as its chemical oxygen demand (COD) value, was compared for all treatments. The highest COD values were obtained for centrifugation, while the COD of the UF permeate was approximately constant for all UF trials. The best effluent quality was obtained by vacuum evaporation. A combination of these techniques should be appropriate for most industrial treatments of O/W emulsions, depending on the subsequent use of the resulting aqueous effluent.     

Effects of pretreatment and various operating parameters on permeate flux and quality during ultrafiltration of apple juice

The central composite design with a quadratic model was used to investigate the effect of temperature (20–40 °C) and transmembrane pressure (TMP) (100–300 kPa) as well as pretreatment with gelatin and bentonite (0:0–300:1500 mg L^?1) on permeate flux and fouling resistance during ultrafiltration of apple juice. The changes in some physicochemical properties were also investigated. Pretreatment of apple juice with gelatin and bentonite and an increase in the temperature and TMP significantly improved the permeate flux. In general, physicochemical properties of apple juice other than polyphenolics were not affected by the applied parameters. Using 150 mg L^?1 of gelatin and 750 mg L^?1 of bentonite for fining significantly reduced the total phenolic content and so did the fouling resistance. Fouling resistance also decreased with increasing temperature, and increasing pressure increased the fouling resistance.     

超滤技术在无锡中桥水厂深度处理工程中的应用

近年来,膜处理技术在水处理领域的应用已趋成熟。随着对供水安全的日益关注,超滤技术在饮用水处理领域中得到越来越广泛的应用。无锡市自来水总公司中桥水厂于2009年采用西门子外压式超滤膜处理技术,率先建成15×104m3/d采用超滤膜饮用净水处理系统,出水水质全面达到且部分优于《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)。根据无锡中桥水厂升级改造工程的经验以及两年多的实际运行情况,分析了超滤系统运行操作的特点。超滤技术在无锡中桥水厂的应用可以为国内其他水厂的工艺升级改造,特别是大型水厂的膜法水处理工程项目的决策和建设提供参考。     

Biotechnological potential of industrial wastes for economical citric acid bioproduction by Aspergillus niger through submerged fermentation

Submerged citric acid (CA) bioproduction was carried out by Aspergillus niger NRRL‐567 using various industrial wastes, such as brewery spent liquid (BSL), lactoserum and starch industry water sludge. CA bioproduction was carried out by varying the temperature (25–35 °C), pH (3–5), addition of inducers, incubation time and supplementation with different proportions of apple pomace ultrafiltration sludge (APS). The results indicated that under the best conditions with 3% (v/v) methanol, the optimal concentration of 11.34 g L^?1 CA was recorded using BSL at pH 3.5 and temperature 30 °C after 120‐h incubation period. Supplementation of methanol resulted in an increase of 56% CA production. Meanwhile, under similar conditions, higher concentration of 18.34 g L^?1 CA was reported with the supplementation of BSL with 40% (v/v) APS having suspended solids concentration of 30 g L^?1. The present study demonstrated the potential of BSL supplemented with APS as an alternative cheap substrate for CA fermentation.     

杂环类农药废水的深度处理工艺

杂环类农药废水因其有机物含量高、毒性大而成为水处理的难题。本文介绍了膜生物反应器／高级氧化／超滤组合工艺作为杂环类农药废水深度处理方法，并对该工艺的构筑物参数、经济成本及运行结果进行分析。实验结果表明该法对杂环类农药废水有较好的处理效果，并具有运行成本低、占地面积小的特点。