超滤膜法与碱溶酸沉法制备大豆分离蛋白功能特性的比较

对以低变性脱脂豆粕为原料，以超滤膜法和碱溶酸沉法制备的大豆分离蛋白(SPI)的功能特性进行了比较。结果表明，超滤膜法SPI的吸水性和黏度低于碱溶酸沉法SPI，超滤膜法SPI的吸油性、乳化性、凝胶性均优于碱溶酸沉法SPI，一定浓度下超滤膜法SPI的起泡性和泡沫稳定性优于碱溶酸沉法SPI。     

酪朊酸钠酶解液的分级膜分离的研究

利用截留不同分子质量(10ku、5ku、3ku和1ku)的超滤膜将水解度为11 5 %的酪朊酸钠水解液按分子质量大小分为5级,利用SDS -PAGE研究了酪朊酸钠水解液的分子质量分布及分级膜的分离效果。结果表明,分级膜分离方法对酪朊酸钠水解液中的混和肽类能按照分子量大小进行有效的分离。     

Comparison of humic acid rejection and flux decline during filtration with negatively charged and uncharged ultrafiltration membranes

Increasingly stringent regulations for drinking water quality have stimulated the ultrafiltration (UF) to become one of the best alternatives replacing conventional drinking water treatment technologies. However, UF is not very effectively to remove humic acid due to the comparatively larger pore size compared to the size of humic acid. Fouling issue is another factor that restricts its widespread application. In this study, rejection of humic acid and flux decline were compared with essentially neutral, negatively charged version of a regenerated cellulose membrane, in which electrostatic interaction was explored for a better humic acid removal and less fouling. Solution environment, including ionic strength, pH and calcium ion concentration, affecting humic acid removal and flux decline on negatively charged and neutral membranes was also compared. Results indicated that the appropriate charge modification on the neutral UF membrane could be an effective way for better removal of NOM and reduction of the membrane fouling due to the electrostatic interactions with the combination effect of membrane pore size. Electrostatic interactions are significant important to achieve high humic acid removal and less fouling, and to improve the water quality and protect people’s health.     

Ultrafiltered milk reduces bitterness in reduced-fat Cheddar cheese made with an exopolysaccharide-producing culture

The objectives were to reduce bitterness in reduced-fat Cheddar cheese made with an exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing culture and study relationships among ultra-filtration (UF), residual chymosin activity (RCA), and cheese bitterness. In previous studies, EPS-producing cultures improved the textural, melting, and viscoelastic properties of reduced-fat Cheddar cheese. However, the EPS-positive cheese developed bitterness after 2 to 3 mo of ripening due to increased RCA. We hypothesized that the reduced amount of chymosin needed to coagulate UF milk might result in reduced RCA and bitterness in cheese. Reduced-fat Cheddar cheeses were manufactured with EPS-producing and nonproducing cultures using skim milk or UF milk (1.2×) adjusted to a casein:fat ratio of 1.35. The EPS-producing culture increased moisture and RCA in reduced-fat Cheddar cheese. Lower RCA was found in cheese made from UF milk compared with that in cheese made from control milk. Ultrafiltration at a low concentration rate (1.2×) produced EPS-positive, reduced-fat cheese with similar RCA to that in the EPS-negative cheese. Slower proteolysis was observed in UF cheeses compared with non-UF cheeses. Panelists reported that UF EPS-positive cheese was less bitter than EPS-positive cheese made from control milk. This study showed that UF at a low concentration factor (1.2×) could successfully reduce bitterness in cheese containing a high moisture level. Because this technology reduced the RCA level (per g of protein) to a level similar to that in the control cheeses, the contribution of chymosin to cheese proteolysis would be similar in both cheeses.     

Immunoglobulin Separation from Egg Yolk: A Serial Filtration System

A serial filtration system was developed for separating immunoglobulin from egg yolk (IgY). Egg yolk was diluted 10 times with water, adjusted to pH 5.0, frozen, then thawed. The diluted yolk was diafiltered through a hard filter paper at 4-6°C to produce a clear water-soluble fraction (WSF). The WSF was then delipidated by filtering through a hydrophobic membrane filter. Ultrafiltration of delipidated WSF at pH 9.0, at 4-6°C, in the presence of 1.5M NaCl resulted in electrophoretically pure (>90%) IgY with a recovery of about 92%. Advantages of this method are the use of only a few mild chemicals and the potential of developing a continuous process.     

膜技术分离纯化金银花绿原酸的工艺研究

以金银花为原料,通过微滤、超滤、纳滤3级膜纯化金银花中的绿原酸。结果表明:微滤膜Ⅱ、超滤膜Ⅰ、纳滤膜Ⅰ组合能达到纯化效果,微滤膜通量186.7 L(/h.m2),透过率92.2%,超滤膜通量50.1 L(/h.m2),透过率89.7%,纳滤膜通量32.8 L(/h.m2),透过率1.5%。     

膜技术分离纯化燕麦蛋白的工艺研究

根据酶法提取燕麦中的燕麦蛋白,将浸提液过滤后通过膜设备工作过程进行除杂浓缩。经过实验得出,微滤膜、超滤膜和纳滤膜分别选用MF1、UF2和NF1作为最佳膜设备。对燕麦提取液进行除杂浓缩,能够去除大部分的固形杂质,并将水提液浓缩11.88倍,将测定得到燕麦蛋白的含量达到92.76%。     

Membrane-based technologies for meeting the recovery of biologically active compounds from foods and their by-products

ABSTRACT

To date, according to the latest literature inputs, membranes-based technologies (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration) have demonstrated to meet the recovery of biologically active compounds, mainly phenolic compounds and their derivatives, from agro-food products and by-products. The goal of this paper is to provide a critical overview of the on ongoing development works aimed at improving the separation, fractionation and concentration of phenolic compounds and their derivatives from their original sources. The literature data are analyzed and discussed in relation to separation processes, molecule properties, membrane characteristics and key factors affecting the performance of such technologies. Technological advances and improvements over conventional technologies, as well as critical aspects to be further investigated are highlighted and discussed. Finally, a critical outlook about the current status for a large-scale application and the role of these processes from an environmental viewpoint is provided.     

蛋清蛋白肽体外抗氧化作用模式的研究

目的 研究蛋清蛋白肽抗氧化作用模式。方法 利用超滤技术分离蛋清蛋白木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物; 采用Fenton体系、邻苯三酚自氧化体系和亚油酸自氧化体系分别测定超滤各组分清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子及抑制脂质过氧化的能力, 同时测定各组分对二苯代苦味肼基自由基清除能力(DPPH自由基)、还原能力及对猪胎儿成纤维细胞(porcine embryonic fibroblast, PEF)过氧化损伤的保护作用。结果 超滤各组分中分子量小于3 kDa组分(蛋清蛋白酶解产物-Ⅲ, egg white protein hydrolysate, EWPH-Ⅲ)占蛋清蛋白酶解产物(EWPHs)总量的50.06%。EWPH的抗氧化活性随分子量的降低而增强(P<0.05), 其中EWPH-Ⅲ在浓度为5 mg/mL时, 对羟自由基、超氧阴离子、DPPH自由基的清除率分别为52.86%、35.05%和78.74%, 对亚油酸氧化的抑制率为74.57%。在浓度为2.5 mg/mL时, PEF细胞存活率达到70.06%。结论 蛋清蛋白肽具有较强的抗氧化活性且分子量越小, 抗氧化活性越强, 可以作为氢供体、自由基稳定剂和金属离子螯合剂来抑制过氧化作用。     

基于聚醚砜(PES)超滤膜的粘杆菌素发酵液预处理过程优化

利用超滤对粘杆菌素发酵液进行膜分离处理并对其工艺过程进行优化。根据膜材料特性,选择聚醚砜(PES)为基材的超滤膜,通过不同截留分子量超滤膜的分离性能比较、操作条件选择,最终确定PES-10(截留分子质量为10 000 u)为超滤膜件,适宜的操作压力为0.3 MPa、料液pH值为6。经过超滤处理,滤液蛋白质含量为4.6mg/100mL,蛋白质去除率为96%,吸光度为0.185,发酵液中的色素得到有效地去除。