彩超引导下微创经皮肾穿刺治疗上尿路结石

目的 总结彩超引导下微创经皮肾穿刺取石术（MPCNL）治疗上尿路结石的经验.方法 选取彩超引导下MPCNL治疗的上尿路结石患者200例,将其临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 200例患者均采用彩超引导一次性穿刺成功,取净结石168例,残留小结石32例.有1例术中出血病例.手术时间60～200 min,平均130 min.肾造瘘管留置5～8 d,平均5.8 d.合并慢性肾功能不全及尿毒症者术后均获不同程度的改善.5例术后出血予输血等对症治疗后（其中3例行数字减影血管造影）,均止血成功.12例术后高热（其中3例出现感染性休克）,持续2～3巴d,经过抗感染、抗休克及对症治疗后均缓解.结论 彩超引导下MPCNL治疗上尿路结石成功率高,创伤小,减少了出血的可能性,且安全有效.     

基于激光超声的电弧增材制件内部缺陷深度检测

针对增材制件表面质量差、内部缺陷在线检测困难的问题,开展激光超声对电弧增材制造试块内部缺陷检测的研究。为保证缺陷检测结果的准确性,采用缺陷反射法与激发源、接收源同步移动检测方式。对比理论计算、仿真分析、实验结果,确定传播路径和检测波形,在A扫中得到缺陷反射波幅值,在B扫中得到缺陷反射波成像,根据幅值大小和成像结果,准确探测出10 mm深度内直径为1 mm的内部缺陷,得到缺陷深度影响规律。研究结果为增材制造在线检测提供了参考。     

Reducing wood drying time by application of ultrasound pretreatment

Industrial wood is typically dried artificially after felling. The drying process is often very lengthy and consumes a large amount of energy, however, and inappropriate drying schedule can cause defects in the wood. Pretreatments such as ultrasound show the potential to reduce wood drying time without impacting quality. This study investigated the influence of ultrasound pretreatment on vacuum drying behavior, hydroxyl content, and microstructural properties of fast-growing wood samples. Pretreatments were performed at ultrasound intensity of 10 W cm^?2 and frequencies of 28 and 40 kHz, respectively, for 30, 60, and 90 min, respectively, then pretreated samples were dried at 40°C temperature under absolute pressure of 0.08 MPa. Results showed that ultrasound pretreatment did shorten the wood vacuum drying time, increase effective water diffusivity, open water channels, decompose wood extractives, and decrease hydroxyl content. In effect, ultrasound pretreatment can be applied to successful reduce wood drying time.     

Optimization of osmotic dehydration of yacon slices

Osmotic dehydration assisted by ultrasound (ODAU) at low temperatures reduces water activity (a_w) and maintains nutrients. The influence of solution concentration (SC; 20 to 60° Brix, xylitol and sorbitol) and ultrasound application time (t_us, 0 to 40 min) in ODAU of yacon was studied with the aid of a response surface method. The optimum condition with respect to mass transfer parameters, a_w, and fructan retention was SC of 60° Brix for both solutions and t_us of 2.67 min for xylitol samples and 0 min for sorbitol samples. The application of ultrasound improved dehydration but resulted in depolymerization of fructans.     

超声波处理对木薯氧化淀粉性质的影响

将超声技术应用于木薯淀粉的氧化改性中,对制得的氧化淀粉的性质进行了考察,并将其与木薯原淀粉、非超声法制得的氧化淀粉的性质进行比较和分析。结果表明:与原淀粉相比,超声法制备的氧化淀粉的溶解度、透明度分别增加了4.55、3.38倍,白度增加了1.23%,凝沉性降低了99.05%;同时,氧化淀粉所成的膜性能良好、均匀有韧性,而原淀粉难以成膜;超声法制备的氧化淀粉的糊化焓与原淀粉相比降低了45.79%。其他条件相同时,采用超声处理可以使氧化淀粉的溶解度、透明度分别提高97.23%、33.68%,白度增加0.26%(在显著水平α=0.05具有显著差异),凝沉性最大可降低78.80%,糊化焓降低了24.13%。因此,超声技术可以有效地应用于木薯淀粉的氧化改性。     

炼油废白土的直接利用及再生工艺研究进展

介绍了现阶段国内外各大炼油企业对炼油废白土的直接利用及再生方法,分析了各再生方法的原理及优缺点,并对新兴的超声波法再生废白土工艺进行了介绍和展望。     

MnO2 Nanoparticles as Efficient Oxidant for Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of 2-substituted Benzimidazoles under Mild Conditions

In this article, a novel method for synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles using MnO₂ nanoparticles as a convenient oxidant agent in ethanol-water (1:1) as solvent under ultrasound irradiation was demonstrated. In this protocol the desired products were purely obtained in high yields. The main advantages of this research are: mild procedure, simplicity of method, easily work-up, high yields, and short reaction times. The MnO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized through a solid-state reaction route using simple strarting materials. Furthermore, their structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).     

超声-MIG焊接铝合金熔滴过渡行为

对铝合金超声-MIG焊接熔滴过渡行为做了系统研究。试验主要关注在超声作用下,铝合金焊接中熔滴过渡行为的变化。通过对熔滴过渡过程的观测和分析,结果表明,对于短路过渡形式,熔滴受到超声辐射力的阻碍作用,熔滴的体积增大,过渡频率降低,焊接电弧收缩,弧长缩短,挺度增加,亮度增大;在大滴过渡和射滴过渡时,熔滴过渡频率大幅增加,熔滴尺寸减小,这也是超声辐射力作用在熔滴上的影响造成的;而且超声作用后的熔滴形态发生复杂变化,焊接过程的不稳定性增大。     

An Eco-Friendly Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Novel Fluorinated Pyridinium Salts-Based Hydrazones and Antimicrobial and Antitumor Screening

The present work reports an efficient synthesis of fluorinated pyridinium salts-based hydrazones under both conventional and eco-friendly ultrasound procedures. The synthetic approach first involves the preparation of halogenated pyridinium salts through the condensation of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (1) with p-fluorobenzaldehyde (2) followed by the nucleophilic alkylation of the resulting N-(4-fluorobenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide (3) with a different alkyl iodide. The iodide counteranion of 5–10 was subjected to an anion exchange metathesis reaction in the presence of an excess of the appropriate metal salts to afford a new series of fluorinated pyridinium salts tethering a hydrazone linkage 11–40. Ultrasound irradiation led to higher yields in considerably less time than the conventional methods. The newly synthesized ILs were well-characterized with FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ¹¹B, ¹⁹F, ³¹P and mass spectral analyses. The ILs were also screened for their antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Within the series, the salts tethering fluorinated counter anions 11–13, 21–23, 31–33 and 36–38 were found to be more potent against all bacterial and fungal strains at MIC 4–8 µg/mL. The in vitro antiproliferative activity was also investigated against four tumor cell lines (human ductal breast epithelial tumor T47D, human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7, human epithelial carcinoma HeLa and human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2) using the MTT assay, which revealed that promising antitumor activity was exhibited by compounds 5, 12 and 14.     

超声对铁锰氧化物吸附废水中无机砷的强化效应

快速吸附去除废水中无机砷的技术,由于其高效性成为污水处理领域亟需的一种技术。采用草酸沉淀法制备了不同铁锰比（物质的量比）的铁锰复合草酸盐,以铁锰复合草酸盐为前驱体通过热分解得到铁锰元素均匀分布的复合氧化物,以铁锰复合氧化物为吸附剂吸附去除废水中的无机砷。在超声波辅助下,铁锰复合氧化物对废水中无机砷的去除效果显著。实验结果表明,铁锰物质的量比为6:4的铁锰复合氧化物,因具有较高的比表面积（396.6 m²/g）和独特的形貌,超声辅助1 min对废水中无机砷的吸附率可达95%以上。吸附动力学研究表明,该吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附速率常数为1.11 g/（mg·s）。吸附剂再生实验表明,将吸附砷的吸附剂采用碳酸氢钠溶液洗脱重复用于吸附实验,吸附剂重复使用3次对砷的吸附率仍可达到83.6%。