The net primary productivity of Mid-Jurassic peatland and its control factors: Evidenced by the Ordos Basin

Using the large-scale thick 4# coal seam from the Mid-Jurassic in the southern Ordos Basin as an example, this paper studied the net primary productivity(NPP) level of the Mid-Jurassic peatland, and discussed its control factors. Geophysical logging signals were used for a spectrum analysis to obtain the Milankovitch cycle parameters in coal seam. These were then used to calculate the accumulation rate of the residual carbon in 4# coal seam. The carbon loss can be calculated according to the density and residual carbon content of 4# coal seam. Then, the total carbon accumulation rate of the peatland was further derived, and the NPP of peatland was determined. The results show that the NPP of MidJurassic peatland is higher than that of Holocene at the same latitude. Comprehensive analysis indicates that the temperature, carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in atmosphere are the main control factors of the NPP of Mid-Jurassic peatland.     

TFT-LCD industry performance analysis and evaluation using GRA and DEA models

In this study we propose a four-stage approach, which includes data envelopment analysis, Malmquist productivity index (MPI), entropy method and grey relation analysis (GRA), to investigate the operational performance of six thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) companies in Taiwan during 2009–2012. The input variables are fixed assets, operating expenses, R&D expenses and number of employees, while the output variables are cash flow and net sales. The empirical results showed that companies AUO and HannStar could increase their operation efficiency by improving their VRS efficiency and scale efficiency. When using the MPI model to measure the productivity changes for these TFT-LCD companies, we found that the technology changes in most of the companies are downward tendencies during 2009–2012 except for Ampire. Thus, not only could the proposed GRA with entropy weights evaluate the current performances of each firm effectively, it can also predict their future performances.     

International relocation of production plants in MNEs: Is the enemy in our camp?

The literature has argued that low efficiency in comparison with other competitors in the same sector increases the probability of international relocation. In this paper, we argue that, in order to explain production relocation, it is important to consider not only the plant's efficiency in comparison with competing plants, which we shall call external rivalry, but also in comparison with other plants in the same group, to be called internal rivalry. An empirical analysis that focuses on automobile parts manufacturing plants belonging to MNEs in Spain, confirms that both types of rivalry should be considered and that internal rivalry plays a greater part than external rivalry in international relocation decisions.     

跌坎型底流消能流态转捩及控制研究

跌坎型底流消能工是一种建立在常规底流消能工基础上的新型消能工。通过理论分析得出,跌坎型底流消能工消能率随着跌坎高度与上下游水深的变化而发生变化,且不同入池Fr下,满足消能率所需坎高与水深不同。结合某大型水电工程进行验证,针对上游相对水位120.0~140.0 m、下游相对水位40.0~50.0 m,跌坎型消力池内水流流态特征进行分析。研究结果表明,跌坎型消力池内水位波动最大值发生在跌坎下游50~100 m范围内;随着跌坎型消力池跌坎高度的变化,消力池内水流可呈现出三种不同流态特征;当跌坎断面采用收缩体型后,跌坎高度可得到提升,有效地保障消力池内水流流态稳定和消能效率,改善消力池内临底水力学指标。     

R&D and Productivity in High-Tech Manufacturing: A Comparison between Italy and Spain

Using data for 12 manufacturing industries over the period 1980–2006, we perform for Italy and Spain a dynamic panel estimation of the long-run elasticity of total factor productivity (TFP) with respect to R&D capital. In spite of recording a level of R&D capital lower than Italian industries, the technology-based industries in Spain have experienced a similar or higher long-run impact on TFP. This is mainly attributable to what occurred from the mid-1990s onwards when, thanks to increasing R&D efforts, the Spanish industries have been able to catch up with respect to the Italian ones. These findings suggest that, also in countries classified as technology followers, R&D investment is a crucial condition for boosting manufacturing productivity.     

BOSSA: a multidimensional post-occupancy evaluation tool

Research findings point to three methodological shortcomings of current post-occupancy evaluation (POE) tools: (1) contextualizing results, (2) adding instrumental data side by side to survey results and (3) producing meaningful feedback to its key stakeholders. This paper introduces the holistic BOSSA (Building Occupants Survey System Australia) and tools developed under this project's scope in close collaboration with industry. It aims to present and discuss the statistical analysis used in the BOSSA tool, distilling the survey results down to nine indoor environmental quality (IEQ) dimensions and their association with four overall indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted nine IEQ dimensions that were uncorrelated with each other: spatial comfort, indoor air quality, personal control, noise distraction and privacy, connection to the outdoor environment, building image and maintenance, individual space, thermal comfort, and visual comfort. Four separate multiple regression analyses were conducted, one for each global evaluation item as an independent variable: work area comfort, building satisfaction, productivity and health. This statistical analysis provided the rational basis of BOSSA's scoring system, designed to simplify how occupant survey results are communicated to key stakeholders from the property industry and researchers.     

Research issues and trends in industrial productivity over 44 years

The purpose of this study is to determine the major issues and potential megatrends in productivity over the past 44 years. Specifically, this has been done by reviewing the productivity literature and productivity trends in the area of manufacturing. Using this, a foundation for the direction of future productivity research is suggested. In this study, productivity-related trends and technology policy data were analysed to derive an initial productivity-related framework. In addition, a productivity issue framework for the academic fields was created by analysing productivity-related literature. Subsequently, trends in productivity studies as well as megatrends were analysed by placing common core issues in two categories. From an analysis of productivity trends, an initial framework of sixteen productivity issues and a productivity issue framework comprising nine productivity issues from our literature analysis were established. By integrating the two frameworks, major productivity-related issues and six megatrends were identified. Our expectation is that the results of this study will serve as a foundation for the future academic studies as well as document manufacturing companies’ strategic methods addressing productivity.     

微量润滑技术在曲轴孔类加工中的应用

为了提高曲轴孔类加工效率,延长刀具使用寿命,降低加工成本,减少冷却润滑介质的用量,同时提高对设备操作者的保护以及环境的保护。介绍了微量润滑技术及其在曲轴孔类加工过程中的应用,对比了传统冷却润滑方式与微量润滑方式的经济性能及环境评价,并且分析了尚待进一步解决的问题及展望了未来的发展趋势。     

油田增产措施评价方法研究及应用

文章阐述了增产措施评价方法,运用油田产量的典型递减规律(指数、双曲、调和)对油井产量进行拟会,并确定出措施后的递减趋势,以此为基线,计算措施后实际产量的增加值,定为该措施的增油量,从而使措施增油量的计算较为客观,为正确评估措施效果提供了方法。