玄武岩复合材料筋增强ECC受拉性能及裂缝控制机理

工程水泥基复合材料(ECC)因其高韧性和多缝开裂特性成为研究热点,纤维复合材料(FRP)因具有抗拉强度高、密度小、耐腐蚀性好等优点而受到广泛关注。为研究玄武岩复合材料(BFRP)筋增强ECC(BFRP-ECC)的受拉性能以及筋材对基体的裂缝控制机理,考虑了基体类别和配筋率等因素,对ECC狗骨试件、BFRP-ECC和BFRP-砂浆薄板试件进行了单轴拉伸试验,同时借助数字图像相关法(DIC)技术获得了试件受拉过程中的全场应变和开裂状态,基于Richard的弹塑性应力应变公式提出了BFRP-ECC单轴受拉应力应变本构模型。结果表明：BFRP-ECC的极限拉应力随配筋率的增加而增大;ECC基体对复合材料的受拉性能增强效果优于砂浆基体,同时以ECC为基体的复合材料在裂缝间距和宽度控制上都明显优于以砂浆为基体的复合材料;BFRP筋能增加BFRP-ECC裂缝处的桥连应力,减小裂缝间距和宽度,增加裂缝数量。本文建立的BFRP-ECC单轴受拉应力应变本构模型与试验数据吻合良好,较好地反映了BFRP-ECC受拉应力应变关系。     

岩石峰后注浆加固前后力学特性单轴试验研究

在岩石试件单轴压缩破裂的基础上,进一步开展了峰后注浆加固试件的力学特性试验研究.分别采用水泥浆和玛丽散N加固破裂试件,试验发现分别采用玛丽散N、425#水泥进行破裂岩石注浆加固时,岩石强度比其残余强度都有显著提高,加固后岩石的变形趋于协调.同一浆液加固不同的岩石,被加固体本身的强度越高注浆加固体的强度提高越高;同样的岩石注入不同浆液,浆液的粘结强度越高注浆后的强度就越高.试验结果验证了岩石注浆加固是加固围岩非常有效的方法.     

镭射BOPP基膜循环拉伸力学性能的试验研究

目的 为研究双向拉伸聚丙烯（Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene,BOPP）薄膜在重复拉伸使用后的弹性模量变化以及应变变化趋势。方法 以26μm BOPP薄膜为研究对象,以1、1.5、2、2.5、3、3.5、4N为最大加载力分别进行加载周期为15次的单轴循环拉伸试验,总结对比循环次数以及加载力对弹性模量及棘轮应变的影响,分析薄膜性能变化趋势。结果 通过对比同一加载应力不同循环下的弹性模量以及棘轮应变,发现在预设加载力下随着循环次数增加,薄膜弹性模量呈增大趋势,且增大幅度逐渐减小,其棘轮应变与弹性模量变化趋势一致;通过取均值对比不同加载力下的弹性模量以及棘轮应变变化,发现薄膜弹性模量随加载力增大而先增大后减小,最大应变以及最小应变均随加载力的增加而增大。结论 通过试验研究得出了BOPP薄膜在循环拉伸中弹性模量及棘轮应变随加载力、循环次数增大的变化趋势;对薄膜性能变化有了一定的预测,并为实际加工中的张力选择提供了指导性建议。     

缓冲/回填材料的热损伤与纵波速度关系研究

采用岩石力学试验系统、超声波检测仪、扫描电镜等设备对缓冲/回填材料在25℃～300℃范围内的力学特性和纵波速度进行研究。结果表明:在200℃以前,缓冲/回填材料的应力–应变曲线斜率、单轴强度随温度的上升而呈增大趋势;200℃～300℃的应力–应变曲线斜率、单轴强度随温度升高都有不同程度的降低。缓冲/回填材料的平均纵波速度在25℃～100℃时呈增大趋势,在100℃～300℃呈减小趋势。因此,纵波波速与单轴强度相关性与缓冲/回填材料的特性不同。     

Theoretical analysis of geometrical and mechanical parameters in plain woven structures

An analytic solution for the estimation of structural parameters and initial tensile modulus of plain woven fabrics under uniaxial tensile loading in their linear elastic domain of deformation is presented. For this purpose, a new approach in straight line geometry with a parallel segment to the fabric plane and an inclined segment at the weave intersection in 3D form is proposed which leads to the theoretical estimation of all the structural parameters of plain woven fabrics with saw-tooth geometry. Defining and applying of JJ₂ Ratio in the model enable us to modify the geometrical model and estimate the value of structural parameters considering the history of samples influenced mainly by its manufacturing process. The strain energy method and Castigliano’s theorem are used for the mechanical analysis of the structure. The elasticity, bending, shearing, and compression rigidity of yarns are incorporated into the model. It has been shown that predicting the geometrical and mechanical parameters of woven fabrics before production are possible if and only if the crimp value of the fabrics can be estimated before their production. The proposed theory is validated and compared by applying into some experimental data and a previous model.     

Charactersitics of Stress-strain Curve of High Strength Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete under Uniaxial Tension

A whole of 110 specimens divided into 22 groups were tested with varying the volume fraction of steel fibers and the matrix strength of these specimens. The stress-strain behaviors of four types of steel fiber reinforced concrete （SFRC） under uniaxial tension were studied experimentally. When the matrix strength and the fiber content increase, the tensile stress and tensile strain vary differently according to the fiber type. The mechanisms of reinforcing effect for different types of fiber were analyzed and the stress-strain curves of the specimens were plotted. Some experimental factors for stress or strain of SFRC were given. A tensile toughness modulus Re0.5 was introduced to evaluate the toughness characters of SFRC under uniaxial tension. Moreover, the formula of the tensile stress-strain curve of SFRC was regressed. The theoretical curve and the experimental ones fit well, which can be used for references in construction.     

Unified analytical stress- strain curve for quasibrittle geomaterial in uniaxial tension, direct shear and uniaxial compression

Considering strain localization in the form of a narrow band initiated just at peak stress, three analytical expressions for stress - strain curves of quasibrittle geomaterial （such as rock and concrete） in uniaxial tension, direct shear and uniaxial compression were presented, respectively. The three derived stress - strain curves were generalized as a unified formula. Beyond the onset of strain localization, a linear strain-softening constitutive relation for localized band was assigned. The size of the band was controlled by internal or characteristic length according to gradient-dependent plasticity. Elastic strain within the entire specimen was assumed to be uniform and decreased with the increase of plastic strain in localized band. Total strain of the specimen was decomposed into elastic and plastic parts. Plastic strain of the specimen was the average value of plastic strains in localized band over the entire specimen. For different heights, the predicted softening branches of the relative stress- strain curves in uniaxial compression are consistent with the previously experimental results for normal concrete specimens. The present expressions for the post-peak stress - deformation curves in uniaxial tension and direct shear agree with the previously numerical results based on gradient-dependent plasticity.     

A Comparative Study of Several Material Models for Prediction of Hyperelastic Properties: Application to Silicone-Rubber and Soft Tissues

Abstract:  The correct modelling of constitutive laws is of critical importance for the analysis of mechanical behaviour of solids and structures. For example, the understanding of soft tissue mechanics, because of the nonlinear behaviour commonly displayed by the mechanical properties of such materials, makes common place the use of hyperelastic constitutive models. Hyperelastic models however, depend on sets of variables that must be obtained experimentally. In this study the authors use a computational/experimental scheme, for the study of the nonlinear mechanical behaviour of biological soft tissues under uniaxial tension. The material constants for seven different hyperelastic material models are obtained via inverse methods. The use of Martins's model to fit experimental data is presented in this paper for the first time. The search for an optimal value for each set of material parameters is performed by a Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. As a control measure, the process is fully applied to silicone-rubber samples subjected to uniaxial tension tests. The fitting accuracy of the experimental stress–strain relation to the theoretical one, for both soft tissues and silicone-rubber (typically nonlinear) is evaluated. This study intents also to select which material models (or model types), the authors will employ in future works, for the analysis of human soft biological tissues.     

巷道开挖效应下围岩损伤演化规律及试验研究

为了研究巷道开挖卸荷引起的围岩损伤演化规律及力学响应机制,采用RMT-150试验机开展了白砂岩试件三轴加载-卸载-单轴再加载力学特性试验,建立了岩石三维损伤本构模型。根据损伤岩石单轴加载应力-应变曲线,分析其破坏模式,确定了单轴再加载强度、波速与初始轴压加载比的非线性关系。结果表明:(1)三轴应力作用下,岩石损伤演化过程分为5个阶段,即损伤稳定减小阶段、无损伤阶段、损伤稳定增长阶段、损伤加速增长阶段、损伤破坏阶段;(2)单轴再加载强度、波速与初始轴压加载比呈现3次非线性相关关系,从环向应变规律来看,损伤岩石表现出塑性硬化和塑性软化两种状态;(3)损伤岩石以张拉破坏为主,随着损伤变量值增加,破坏形式逐渐向剪切滑移破坏转化。通过对岩石损伤演化规律的研究,为工程围岩稳定性判别及预警提供理论依据。