UHMWPE/LDPE复合材料拉伸破坏的声发射特性研究(Ⅱ)

本文续“UHMWPE/LDPE复合材料拉伸破坏的声发射特性研究(Ⅰ)”,进一步研究了UHMWPE/LDPE复合材料拉伸破坏的声发射特性,具体研究了[0°]、[90°]在拉伸破坏过程中声发射参数特征,并对拉伸破坏机理进行了初步的研究。     

Tensile Stress Relaxation of Alumina at High Temperature

The development of a tensile testing methodology for ceramics which enables a stress vs strain-rate response to be measured at high temperature is described. The test involves a carefully controled stress relaxation test at constant total strain using an experimental procedure and phenomenological analysis previously developed for metallic materials. It is demonstrated here with preliminary tests on alumina at 1050° and 1150°C. This offers, with further development, the possibility of establishing design stresses associated with low strain-rate behavior for structural applications. The results demonstrate that data covering four decades of strain rate may be generated in tests lasting a few hours. The inelastic strain consists of substantial anelastic recoverable strain in addition to a permanent creep strain.     

大型矿车用减速机齿轮系统的疲劳分析

提出一种基于"放大因子"、采用二维平面单元模拟三维实体动态工况的计算疲劳的方法,对某矿车减速机齿轮系统进行疲劳分析,得到太阳轮、行星轮和扭力管在不同抗拉强度下的疲劳寿命.结果表明:太阳轮和扭力管最易发生疲劳破坏;齿轮寿命对抗拉强度的依赖性较敏感;得出的齿轮系统热处理后的抗拉强度建议值能为设计提供参考,且该方法能大大提高计算效率.     

基于CT扫描的致密砂岩脆性破坏裂纹扩展规律研究

岩石在荷载作用下产生宏观破坏,其破裂面细观形态变化可以直接地反映出结构破坏特征。目前,常采用扫描电镜法、透镜法和CT扫描技术对岩石细观结构进行表征。运用CT扫描技术对典型脆性岩样单轴压缩破坏后破裂面及全断面进行扫描,获取全断面的细观形态,分析和总结了典型脆性岩样破坏细观裂纹扩展的发展规律:每一条独立裂纹都以一恒定曲率半径系数K随层位向试样内部扩展,直至裂纹曲率半径趋近于无穷。此时若无其他因素影响,其曲率半径则不会再随层位继续扩展;并通过分析定义出岩石脆性破坏状态时裂纹的聚集域和非聚集域,同时根据能量守恒定律得出了衍生裂纹及新次生裂纹产生的判据。     

Tensile properties of hollow glass bead‐filled polypropylene composites

The tensile properties of polypropylene (PP) filled with hollow glass beads have been measured at room temperature to identify the effects of the particle contents, size and its distribution on them in the present article. The mean diameters of the fillers were 11, 35, and 70 μm, and they were named as TK10, TK35, and TK70 respectively. The surface of these particles was pretreated with silane coupling agent. The results showed that the yield stress (σ_y) decreased gently for PP/TK70 systems, whereas decreased relatively obviously for PP/TK35 systems with increasing the volume fraction (?_f) of the fillers. When ?_f was less than 5%, the tensile strength at break (σ_b) of the composites increased with the increase of ?_f. When ?_f was more than 5%, σ_b was almost a constant for PP/TK70 systems, while σ_b decreased linearly for PP/TK35 systems. The tensile fracture strain (ε_b) of the composites decreased suddenly when ?_f was less than 5%, and then decreased slightly with increasing ?_f. When ?_f was 10%, σ_y and σ_b increased while ε_b decreased with the increase of the bead diameter. Furthermore, the σ_y was predicted by means an equation proposed in the previous work, and good interfacial adhesion was shown between the hollow glass beads and the matrix. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1697–1701, 2007     

Fracture properties of epoxy/poly(styrene‐co‐allylalcohol) blends

The epoxy/polystyrene system is characterized by a poor adhesion between the constituent phases, which determines its mechanical properties. The adhesion can be improved via blends based on epoxy resin and random copolymers, poly(styrene‐co‐allylalcohol) (PS‐co‐PA). In this work, the influence of PS‐co‐PA content and the good adhesion between the phases on the tensile properties and the fracture toughness achieved through instrumented Charpy tests have been investigated. The tensile strength and the deformation at break showed an increase in the PS‐co‐PA content while the Young's modulus remained the same. The tensile fracture surfaces revealed that the improvement of these magnitudes was mainly due to a crack deflection mechanism. Also, the fracture toughness of the blends was superior to that of the pure epoxy resin. The main operating toughening mechanism was crack deflection. The fractographic analysis showed that ～ 80% of the particles were broken, and the crack tended to divert from its original path through the broken PS‐co‐PA particles. The remaining particles were detached from the epoxy resin, and the holes left suffered plastic deformation. Analytical models were used to predict successfully the toughness due to these mechanisms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Toughness Optimization of SBR Elastomers – Use of Fracture Mechanics Methods for Characterization

Elastomer materials are used in a wide application range and subjected to different loading from which failure of the material results. Because this failure is caused by initiation and propagation of cracks, the application of fracture mechanics methods for the assessment of the material is obvious. A short summary of the methods of technical fracture mechanics including possibilities of determination of crack resistance curves is given. Vulcanizates on the basis of SBR 1500 with various sulfur and carbon black contents were investigated. For describing the crack initiation and crack propagation behavior, several fracture mechanics examination methods were applied. Tear‐analyzer results were used to assess the crack propagation behavior under fatigue‐like loading conditions. Furthermore, for the characterization of the crack resistance of the materials under impact‐like loading conditions, instrumented tensile‐impact tests were performed. To obtain information about the initiation and propagation of a stable crack, quasi‐static fracture mechanics tests were applied. The results of the several tests are discussed in dependence on sulfur and carbon black contents. We found a non‐monotonous behavior of the toughness as a function of carbon black loading. An explanation is given in connection with a percolation‐like transition in filler morphology on larger length scales.

Schematic crack propagation curve for characterizing the fatigue behavior of the vulcanizates recorded in a TFA test.     

短纤维/橡胶发泡复合材料的微观结构及拉伸破坏机理

对锦纶短纤维增强的NR发泡材料的微观结构及拉伸破坏行为进行了研究，并分析了其破坏机理。采用未处理短纤维增强的NR发泡材料中短纤维成为泡孔的成核点，并大部分悬空在泡孔中，拉伸破坏时泡壁与短纤维结合处容易出现应力集中，成为裂纹的起始点，失效时短纤维大部分被抽出；预处理短纤维能与橡胶基体之间产生良好的粘合，从而处于橡胶基体中。其短纤维增强的NR发泡体拉伸产生的裂纹扩展时遇到纤维，纤维能起到承载应力、使应力转向、阻止裂纹扩展的作用，一定程度上改善了复合材料的拉伸强度等物理性。     

Toughened electrospun nanofibers from crosslinked elastomer‐thermoplastic blends

A crosslink‐able elastomeric polyester urethane (PEU) was blended with a thermoplastic, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and electrospun into nanofibers. The effects of the PEU/PAN ratio and the crosslinking reaction on the morphology and the tensile properties of the as‐spun fiber mats were investigated. With the same overall polymer concentration (9 wt %), the nanofiber containing higher composition of PEU shows a slight decrease in the average fiber diameter, but the tensile strength, the elongation at break and tensile modulus of the nanofiber mats are all improved. These tensile properties are further enhanced by slight crosslinking of the PEU component within the nanofibers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007