Block constrained versus generalized Jacobi preconditioners for iterative solution of large-scale Biot’s FEM equations

Generalized Jacobi (GJ) diagonal preconditioner coupled with symmetric quasi-minimal residual (SQMR) method has been demonstrated to be efficient for solving the 2 × 2 block linear system of equations arising from discretized Biot’s consolidation equations. However, one may further improve the performance by employing a more sophisticated non-diagonal preconditioner. This paper proposes to employ a block constrained preconditioner P_c that uses the same 2 × 2 block matrix but its (1, 1) block is replaced by a diagonal approximation. Numerical results on a series of 3-D footing problems show that the SQMR method preconditioned by P_c is about 55% more efficient time-wise than the counterpart preconditioned by GJ when the problem size increases to about 180,000 degrees of freedom. Over the range of problem sizes studied, the P_c-preconditioned SQMR method incurs about 20% more memory than the GJ-preconditioned counterpart. The paper also addresses crucial computational and storage issues in constructing and storing P_c efficiently to achieve superior performance over GJ on the commonly available PC platforms.     

剧烈塑性变形：不仅是晶粒细化

剧烈塑性变形在生产超细晶材料方面已经显示了巨大的潜力。虽然大量的研究集中在晶粒细化上,等通道转角挤压和高压扭转等剧烈塑性变形过程正在越来越多地被应用于其他领域诸如粉末固结,利用变形引发相变制作新颖结构与成分,获得多相及多尺度材料以及固态回收技术。本文引用我们近十年来的研究成果以介绍剧烈塑性变形在晶粒细化之外的诸多应用。特别是利用剧烈塑性变形颗粒固结来制取大块铝、钛、铝/钛双相合金和铝基纳米复合材料,利用机械激活和强制合金化来获得包括面心立方在内的新型钛结构,利用剧烈塑性变形引发的相变来制备纳米晶beta钛合金,以及利用等通道转角挤压来固态回收钛合金切削料。最后,对存在的挑战和机会进行了探讨。     

强夯法在处理吹填土地基工程中的应用

曹妃甸吹填土全部为近两年吹填形成的饱和粉细砂,填土厚度大、面积大,固结时间短,液化等级较严重。工程前期通过对比,决定了采用在本工程中有很好的经济效益与技术优势的强夯法。该文对采用强夯法处理后的曹妃甸吹填土地基性能进行了检测,检测结果分析表明强夯法处理粉细砂吹填土效果良好,并能很好的消除液化。     

孔内深层强夯法在处理杂填土地基中的应用

通过工程实例,介绍了孔内深层强夯技术在加固杂填土和高填方土中的应用。通过高动能和超压强在孔内深层强夯,使孔内填料在高压强状态下动力固结,对桩间土产生强力的挤密作用,使桩间土的挤密程度高,从而达到较理想的地基加固效果。提出了孔内深层强夯法复合地基承载力的计算方法和检测手段以及设计时要注意的相关问题,可供设计人员参考。     

超固结非饱和土的弹塑性双面模型

为了研究超固结非饱和土具有的应变软化和剪胀等复杂的力学特性,在弹塑性理论框架内,将巴塞罗那基本模型(BBM)与一种可描述材料循环塑性的硬化法则相结合,建立一个在静态及循环荷载作用下超固结非饱和土的弹塑性双面模型。该模型含有一个边界面和一个加载面,二者在应力空间中随着加卸载进行演化。采用径向映射法则和移动的记忆中心原理来反映超固结非饱和土的循环塑性特征。模型考虑了吸力和超固结的影响,在吸力等于零的时候退化为饱和黏性土的弹塑性双面模型;在无超固结且吸力不等于零的情况下退化为BBM模型。通过与相关静态试验数据的比较,所建模型可以较好地反映静态加载下超固结非饱和土的力学特征;此外,还利用模型对超固结非饱和土的动态力学特性进行了预测。     

原位聚合制备不饱和聚酯树脂/高岭土纳米复合材料及性能表征

利用超声法制备了高岭土-DMSO插层复合物前驱体,采取二步取代,原位聚合制备了不饱和聚酯树脂/高岭土纳米复合材料,并用XRD、FT-IR等手段对材料结构进行了表征,研究了纳米复合材料的阻燃性能。结果表明:当DMSO分子插入到高岭土层间时,d(001)值由0.717 nm增大到1.12 nm,插层率为91%,而不饱和聚酯树脂取代DMSO进入高岭土层间后,表征层状结构的d(001)特征衍射峰完全消失,高岭土内表面羟基吸收特征峰(3651 cm-1)和DMSO两个甲基的对称和反对称伸缩振动的吸收特征峰消失。燃烧实验表明这种材料相比纯树脂具有更好的阻燃性能。     

强夯法在填土地基处理中的应用

用强夯的地基处理方法对填土地基进行改良,提高了填土的地基承载力,工程实践表明此方法成本低、施工速度快、处理效果明显。     

黏-砂混合土压缩特性与微观结构特征关系研究

黏-砂混合土在吹填土地基中广泛应用,混合土地基变形与微观结构息息相关.为探讨黏-砂混合土压缩变形的微观机制,以黏土与砂不同配比的混合土为研究对象,利用压缩、扫描电镜(SEM)试验和图像处理技术(IPP)对固结前后试样的颗粒排列、孔隙分布进行定性和定量分析,从微观层面探讨了混合土微观结构随固结压力变化的演变机制.结果 表...     

中央维护计算机系统中的故障处理技术

针对飞机故障的产生逻辑和处理方法,详细分析了中央维护计算机系统故障数据处理模块的主要功能,建模思想和处理流程;再现了故障信息产生、级联效应删除、重复故障合并以及飞机驾驶舱效应与维护信息关联的全过程。并以国外先进机型为例,对基于逻辑方程的故障隔离技术进行了深入分析,使得系统设计思路与机载故障诊断模型相结合;随着CMCS技术的不断发展和成熟,必将对商用飞机传统维护模式和运营模式产生深远的影响。     

Headquarter-centered common sourcing management through order coordination and consolidation

It is common for subsidiaries of a group company to use the same types of components for producing similar products. Different subsidiary companies may well procure such components from the same suppliers. This paper studies two sourcing management models. One is the Subsidiary-Autonomous Sourcing Management (SD-ASM) where subsidiaries manage their inventories and place purchasing orders independent of each other. The other is the Headquarter-centered Common Sourcing Management (HQ-CSM) where purchasing orders of subsidiaries are processed centrally through some kind of headquarter coordination. In the SD-ASM model, each subsidiary places replenishment orders at a time interval corresponding to their economic order quantity (EOQ). In the HQ-CSM model, two purchasing order management policies are examined. One is the Order Coordination policy in which common replenishment epochs or time periods are proposed by the headquarter and the subsidiaries are encouraged to coordinate the timing of their orders based on the common replenishment epochs. The other is the Order Consolidation policy in which the subsidiaries combine the quantity of their orders and the headquarter places a combined order with the supplier. In the Order Coordination policy, classic RAND heuristic is used to find the best common replenishment epoch and the best replenishment timing of each subsidiary. In the Order Consolidation policy, the optimal order quantity of the combined order is obtained from a mathematical model. The combined order is then allocated to the subsidiaries according to a proportional allocation rule. A series of numerical studies is conducted to compare the costs of the SD-ASM and HQ-CSM policies. The results show that HQ-CSM outperforms SD-ASM in terms of cost and robustness against demand uncertainties. This achievement is largely due to the economies of process (synergistic ordering process), the economies of scale (large order quantity with price discount) and risk pooling effect (transshipments). The results also reveal that the Order Consolidation policy with a combined order always performs better than the Order Coordination policy with common replenishment epochs especially in face of high demand uncertainties and high service level in the global market.