引江济淮工程江淮分水岭软弱夹层对边坡稳定的影响

引江济淮工程江淮分水岭局部存在顺坡向缓倾角夹层,施工期部分深挖方河渠因开挖时间长,已经出现了局部滑坡,初步分析结果表明这与夹层岩土体在大变形条件下强度已接近残余状态有关。为了分析夹层对边坡稳定的影响,对滑坡渠段的原状地层进行了取样,分析了渠坡软弱夹层的强度特性,并结合实际工程断面开展边坡稳定分析,提出了处理措施建议。研究表明,本工程渠坡稳定性取决于渠坡软弱夹层的位置、倾向和力学指标,滑坡部位软弱夹层在大变形的持续作用下已处于残余强度状态,并引发了局部滑坡。为此,对本工程深挖方渠段应结合渠坡岩土的分层结构及强度特性,采用抗滑桩和锚固等支档措施进行加固,同时应做好渠坡排水。     

基于高质量发展理念的沅江流域城乡供水及灌溉规划研究

本文以沅江流域为例,通过研究分析流域自然和社会经济特点,结合社会经济发展趋势及预测规划年流域需水要求,拟定城乡供水及灌溉发展规划意见,在坚持节水优先、充分挖掘当地已有供水工程潜力的基础上,优化水资源配置,加强水利基础设施建设,满足沅江流域规划水平年的供水、灌溉需求,助力流域社会经济高质量发展。     

龙羊峡水库调度对径流的影响及蓄补水规律

通过对比同一时段内龙羊峡水库入库径流与出库径流的水文变化指标（indicators of hydrologic alteration,IHA）、流量过程变异程度等指标变化,结合突变检验,量化水库调度对径流过程的影响,采用显著性检验识别水库[JP+1]蓄补水与来水、耗水等因素的关系。结果显示,1986—2016年龙羊峡水库调度导致径流过程显著变化：年均流量表现为极值比和变异系数减小;月均流量表现为6—10月减小、11月—次年5月增大;日流量表现为径流过程坦化,但小范围波动加剧。水库出库断面流量过程变异程度在初次蓄水年份发生突变,蓄水后流量过程变异程度是蓄水前的43倍。水库年补水量与黄河天然径流量呈显著负相关关系,与黄河流域地表水耗水量占天然径流量的比例呈显著正相关关系。[JP2]黄河流域地表水耗水量占天然径流量的比例超过64%时龙羊峡水库以补水为主,反之以蓄水为主。     

黄河源区水源涵养能力研究综述

黄河源区是黄河流域的主要产流区和水源涵养区,近年来源区径流量呈下降趋势,气温、降水、辐射、潜在蒸散发等是影响水源涵养的主要气候因素,草地退化、湿地萎缩、冻土消融也使得水源涵养单元受到显著影响。为科学认识和理解黄河源区水源涵养功能对湿地保护、水资源调蓄的重要意义,总结了水源涵养功能及其评估方法,阐述了黄河源区生态景观演变过程和泥炭地储水量研究现状,分析了不同水源涵养单元对源区水源涵养能力的影响。指出融合多种研究手段、方法,多尺度、多过程、多要素揭示黄河源区水源涵养变化机理是未来黄河源区水源涵养功能研究的发展方向。     

淮河生态经济带用水转移网络特征及影响因素分析

稀缺背景下相邻区域用水关系呈现出越来越复杂的关联特征,厘清地区间内部用水关系并揭露其用水空间联动格局,能为优化区域水资源协同治理政策提供可靠的参考依据。根据淮河生态经济带28个城市2005-2018年的相关用水数据,运用社会网络分析(SNA)方法刻画了淮河生态经济带城市间用水空间关联网络结构及其转移特征,并使用二次指派程序(QAP)方法揭示了其用水空间关联网络构建的影响因素。结果表明：淮河生态经济带城市间用水关联关系呈现出较为复杂的网络结构,网络密度在样本考察期内轻微减小,但整体网络结构稳定,宿州、周口、徐州、蚌埠4个城市位于用水空间关联网络的核心地位,主导着网络中水资源的流动;块模型分析表明,用水空间关联网络可划分为经纪人、双向溢出、主受益、净收益4个板块,板块之间的空间溢出效应呈现出链条状的趋势;地理位置临近性、人均水资源量以及城镇化率是用水空间关联网络形成的重要影响因素。研究结果对提升区域间水资源交换效率,缓解缺水地区水资源困境具有战略意义。     

黄河水沙调控体系运行机制与效果研究

完善水沙调控体系是应对黄河水少沙多、水沙关系不协调的关键措施.结合实测资料,计算了河道输沙能力,分析了水沙调控体系运行机制,计算了水沙调控体系对黄河水沙关系的调节作用,结果表明:河道输沙效率随着水流流量的增大而增大,且在平滩流量附近存在明显的拐点,骨干水库群联合调控可泄放接近下游河道最小平滩流量的大流量过程,提高河道输...     

基于稳定同位素的策勒河流域山区河流蒸发损失估算

为探究昆仑山北坡山区流域水体蒸发损失垂直变化情况,基于2016年5-12月昆仑山北坡中段策勒河流域不同水体同位素数据,运用蒸发富集模型和稳定同位素（¹⁸O和²H）方法,研究了流域内不同水体的同位素时空变化特征,分析了策勒河流域的补给来源,并根据蒸发富集模型估算了流域内不同海拔地区同位素的蒸发损失。结果表明：流域内不同水体同位素的特征呈高山区贫化、荒漠区富集的趋势;策勒河河水与地下水存在密切的水力联系;策勒河流域在不同海拔的平均蒸发损失：高山区为24.99%、中山区为29.04%、荒漠区为35.00%。研究结果对理解区域水平衡及其对山区生态系统气候变化的响应具有重要意义。     

Relationship between adjustment of low water level and utilization of water depth in Shashi Reach in middle Yangtze River

Hydrological, sediment, and bathymetric data of the Shashi Reach in the middle Yangtze River for the period of 1975–2018 were collected, and the characteristics of low water level changes and their impacts on utilization of water depth for navigation were investigated. The results showed that, during the study period, the Shashi Reach riverbed was significantly scoured and incised, with cross-sectional profiles showing overall narrowing and deepening. This indicated a strong potential to improve the water depth of the channel. The analysis of the temporal variation of in-channel topographical features showed that the Taipingkou diara underwent siltation and erosion, with its head gradually scoured and relocated downstream after 2008, and the Sanbatan diara continued to shrink and migrate leftwards. Low water levels with the same flow rate over the study period decreased. For instance, from 2003 to 2020, the water level at the Shashi hydrological station decreased to 1.37 m with a flow rate of 6 000 m³/s. Furthermore, the designed minimum navigable water level of the Shashi Reach was approximately 2.11 m lower than the recommended level. In terms of utilization of the channel water depth, continuous scouring of the river channel is expected to result in a reduction in discharge at the Taipingkou mouth, which will improve the water depth conditions of the channel during the dry season in the Shashi Reach. With several channel regulation projects, the 3.5-m depth of the Shashi Reach would basically be unobstructed. This promotes utilization of the shipping route from the Taipingkou south branch to the Sanbatan north branch as the main navigation channel during the dry season. Considering the factors of current water depth and the clear width limitation of the navigation hole at the Jingzhou Yangtze River Bridge, this route can still be favored as the main navigation channel with a 4.5-m depth during the dry season.     

Distribution characteristics and controlling factors of typical antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in river networks in western area of Wangyu River,China

Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose health risks in aquatic environments because of their persistence and mobility. River networks can provide a perfect opportunity for exploring the occurrence and enrichment of ARGs and antibiotics in freshwater environments. On this basis, the abundances of four types of antibiotics (sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolides) and 13 ARGs (sulⅠ, sulⅡ, tetA, tetB, tetO, tetW, qnrA, qnrS, qnrD, ermB, ermF, ermC, and ereA) were measured in the river networks of the west bank of the Wangyu River in China. The spatial distribution and temporal variation of these antibiotics and ARGs were characterized, and their controlling factors were analyzed. All four types of antibiotics were detected with high frequencies between 41% and 100%. Quinolone antibiotics exhibited the highest average concentration (286.53 ng/L). The concentrations of quinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolides were significantly higher in the winter than in the summer, whereas the concentration of sulfonamides was higher in wet periods than in dry periods. Of the 13 ARGs, sulI was the most abundant (1.28 ×10₅ copies per milliliter), followed by sulII and tetO (5.41×10⁴ and 4.45×10⁴ copies per milliliter, respectively). The canonical correspondence analysis showed that environmental factors, including dissolved oxygen, water temperature, total nitrogen, pH, and total phosphorus, had significant effects on the abundance of ARGs. sulⅠ, sulⅡ, tetA, and tetB were significantly correlated with 16S ribosomal RNA sequences, indicating that the bacterioplankton community might affect the distribution of ARGs. The correlation heat map analysis showed that the spread of ARGs was influenced by specific bacterial groups, such as Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria, indicating that these bacterioplankton may be the hosts of environmental ARGs.     

基于GLDAS-NOAH的长江流域蓝绿水资源时空变化特征

基于GLDAS-Noah水文模型,模拟长江流域蓝绿水资源量,并揭示其时空变化特征。结果表明:2000—2019年长江流域多年平均蓝水资源和绿水资源分别为420.24 mm和686.95 mm,绿水资源约是蓝水资源的1.62倍。近20 a来长江流域蓝水资源、绿水资源和绿水系数呈不显著增加趋势,2000—2019年蓝水资源与绿水资源变化速率分别为3.26 mm/a 和2.27 mm/a。从年内分配上看,蓝绿水资源在7—8月份较多,占全年的29%~32%;在1 —2月份较少,占全年的5%~6%。从空间分布来看,蓝水资源呈现东南高西北低的分布格局,绿水资源呈现东高西低的分布格局,而绿水系数呈现西北高东南低的分布格局。科学全面评价蓝绿水资源可以为优化水资源利用模式、提高水资源利用效率提供科学依据。