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991.
992.
Climatic variation and intersectoral water competition increasingly challenge the effective provision of irrigation services. This article explores their combined effects on irrigation allocation from the Angat Reservoir (Philippines), where domestic water use in Metro Manila has overtaken regional irrigation as the dominant right-holder. Rules protecting Metro Manila’s large right to water ‘interact’ with dry spells to affect irrigation security in wet and dry seasons. Historically, irrigators were uncompensated because re-allocation’s cause was contested as (1) an unforeseeable climatic event (releasing domestic utilities of liability), or (2) produced by urban demand (requiring compensation). Trade-off rules must be prepared to navigate combinatory effects. 相似文献
993.
994.
Riitta Kettunen Sanna Saarnio Pertti J. Martikainen Jouko Silvola 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2006,74(2):175-189
The effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on soil moisture, N2O fluxes, and biomass production of Phleum pratense were studied in the laboratory. Farmed peat and sandy soil mesocosms sown with P. pratense were fertilized with a commercial fertilizer. In peat soil 10 g N m−2 of commercial fertilizer were added and in sandy soil 15 g N m−2. In both experiments, soil moisture was regulated with deionized water; 18 mesocosms were tended to keep equally moist, and
the other 18 were watered with equal amounts of water. Nine mesocosms from both watering treatments were grown under ambient
(360 μmol mol−1) CO2 concentration and the remaining nine under doubled (720 μmol mol−1) CO2. N2O efflux was monitored using a closed chamber technique and a gas chromatograph. The elevated supply of CO2 increased production of above- and belowground biomass, soil moisture and N2O fluxes, but decreased the total N content in the aboveground biomass, especially for the sandy soil. In similar water levels,
N2O efflux from the sandy soil was the same magnitude as that from the peat soil. In addition to moisture, N availability was
the main limiting factor for N2O production, but C availability also seemed to regulate the denitrification activity. In addition to an increase in C availability
the increase in the N2O efflux under the raised CO2 concentration also required a simultaneous increase in soil moisture. 相似文献
995.
以北京大兴区农村生活污水为处理对象,设计了4个反应柱,研究了3种填料结构、2种气水比条件下曝气生物滤池(BAF)对农村生活污水处理效率及微生物群落的影响。结果表明:(1)1~#、2~#、3~#柱气水比相同、填料结构不同,BOD5、CODCr和氨氮的去除率达到84.51%~96.49%;4~#柱与2~#柱填料结构相同,但气水比小,BOD5和CODcr处理效果差;4个柱TP的去除率低,需要强化除磷。(2)1~#、2~#、3~#柱OTU数量差异很小,说明微生物种类数量基本相同;2~#柱特有OTU数远大于4~#柱,说明填料结构相同条件下较大气水比有利于增加微生物种类。(3)1~#、2~#、3~#柱优势菌群主要有6种,在不同高度的优势菌群种类基本相同,但数量上有所差异;仅变形菌门中可能含有聚磷菌,这也是除磷效果差的原因之一。 相似文献
996.
本文文综述了中老油田采出液性质的变化和高含水采出液的油水分离特性,探讨了聚醚型破乳剂和高分子破乳剂在高含水采出液状况下的适应性。通过理论分析和大庆两个联合站的现场实验证明,高分子破乳剂特别适用于高含水采出液的事实,并指出了其适应性和提出了其质量与适应性的评价方法。 相似文献
997.
Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) membranes were prepared by using the solvent system tetrahydrofuran (THF)/n‐butyl alcohol (n‐BA) to investigate the possibility of pore size and pore‐size distribution control. The coagulation of CPVC/PVP solution was induced by the exposure to water vapor at 25 (±0.5)°C. The average pore diameter, dp, and the size distribution of pores on the surface of the membrane were quantified through the image analyzer from the images visualized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM). Surface pore size and distribution of the prepared CPVC/PVP membrane were strongly affected by the relative humidity (RH) in the environment and the content of PVP used as an additive. Particularly, in the case of CPVC membrane without PVP, the mean pore size was 0.15–0.2 μm, depending on the RH. The pore distribution became broad with the increase of the RH. The membranes had open pores as confirmed by the hydraulic permeation experiment. In addition, the water flux and membrane resistance (Rm) were greatly affected by the composition of polymer solution and the RH. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1195–1202, 2002 相似文献
998.
电石渣浆的综合治理与利用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
介绍了综合治理电石乙炔法生产 PV C 时产生电石渣浆的工艺技术。采用电石渣浆废水全部 闭路循环回用工 艺,实现电石 渣浆上清液 的回收利用;同时以电石渣 代替熟石灰用 于环氧丙烷的生产。取得了显著的经济效益和社会环境效益。 相似文献
999.
The catalytic activity of Pt catalysts supported on high surface area tin(IV) oxide in the complete oxidation of CH4 traces under lean conditions at low temperature was studied in the absence and in the presence of water (10 vol.%) or H2S (100 vol.ppm). Their catalytic properties were compared to those of Pd/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3. In the absence of H2S in the feed, Pt/SnO2appears as a very promising catalyst for CH4 oxidation, being even significantly more active under wet conditions than the best reference catalyst, Pd/Al2O3. Catalysts steamed-aged at 873 K were also studied in order to simulate long term ageing in real lean-burn NGV exhaust conditions. To this respect, Pt/SnO2 is slightly less resistant than Pd/Al2O3. In the presence of H2S, Pt/SnO2catalysts are rapidly and almost completely poisoned, comparably to Pd/Al2O3and the catalytic activity is hardly restored upon oxidising treatment below 773 K. A synergetic effect between Pt and specific surface SnO2sites active in CH4oxidation is proposed to explain the superior catalytic behaviour of Pt/SnO2. 相似文献
1000.
基于集流型涡轮流量计与放射性低能源密度—持水率计在大庆生产测井研究所油、气、水三相流动环路中的实验响应结果,首先考察了用于气液两相流中涡轮流量计的Aya物理模型,进而提出了经过校正后用于确定油、气、水三相流总流量的测量模型,用此模型预测三相流总流量与流动环标定数据对比后其误差小于5%,满足了石油工业应用要求 相似文献