Effect of Na2SO4 and Water Vapor on the Corrosion of Ti3SiC2

The corrosion behavior of polycrystalline Ti₃SiC₂ was studied in the presence of Na₂SO₄ deposit and water vapor at 900°C and 1000°C. The mass gain per unit area of the samples superficially coated with Na₂SO₄ exposed to water vapor was slightly lower than that of the samples corroded without water vapor. The microstructure and composition of the scales were investigated by SEM/EDS and XRD. Pores were observed in the corroded sample surfaces. The main corrosion phases on the sample surface were identified by XRD as TiO₂, Na₂Si₂O₅ and Na₂TiO₃. After Ti₃SiC₂ corroded in the presence of the Na₂SO₄ deposit and water vapor, the scale had a three-layer microstructure, which was different from the duplex corrosion scale formed on Ti₃SiC₂ beneath the Na₂SO₄ film without water vapor. Because water vapor penetrated the corrosion layer and then reacted with SiO₂ to form volatile Si(OH)₄, an intermediate porous and TiO₂-enriched layer formed in the corrosion layer.     

二安替比林甲烷分光光度法测定电镀废水中钛的含量

在酸性介质中,以抗坏血酸和焦磷酸钠共同作掩蔽剂,用二安替比林甲烷分光光度法测定电镀废水中钛的含量,方法简便,准确度高.     

盒形塑件的几何构型与计算机充模流动模拟

基于Hele_Shaw流动数学模型 ,给出了构造3D塑件CAD模型并向CAE模型转换的方法和技术 ,通过对塑件进行有限元网格的剖分以及注射成型过程的数值模拟 ,得到了减少塑件充模流动成型缺陷 ,改进熔体充模效果及产品设计的技术方法     

摩托车超越离合器本体的精密锻造工艺研究

通过中间预制坯形状和尺寸的合理设计、采用合适的冷挤压模具结构,用温/冷复合成形工艺进行了摩托车超越离合器本体内孔型腔的精密成形.采用该工艺生产的超越离合器本体精锻件,其内孔型腔不仅表面光洁度高、尺寸精度高,而且内孔型腔不再后续机械加工就可以达到超越离合器本体的设计要求,因此具有显著的节能、节材效果,经济效益十分显著.从1996年至今500万余件的生产实践表明,采用冷/温复合成形工艺是生产摩托车超越离合器本体的一种高效加工工艺.     

Hydraulic erosion of concrete by a submerged jet

The hydraulic erosion of concrete is often found in civil and marine engineering construction. The present study explores the effects of several erosion parameters on the material loss of a concrete specimen subject to the hydraulic flow produced by a submerged jet. Such an investigation has rarely been reported in the literature. The concrete specimen has a typical compressive strength of 35 MPa, and the experimental parameters include the exposure time, incidence angle, standoff distance, and the hydraulic jet pressure. The impinging velocity is estimated based on the distance considered in the round jet model. The regression analysis shows the relationship between each parameter and the material loss. One finds that the material loss is proportional to the exposure time and the hydraulic pressure. The maximum erosion lies at an incidence angle of around 30° to 45° and is affected by the fourth-order polynomial of impinging velocity. The result of the present study provides a reference to engineering practice where concrete erosion is a concern.     

三自由度平面全柔顺并联机构运动学分析

针对传统方法求解全柔顺并联机构Jacobian矩阵存在奇异性的缺陷,基于三自由度平面全柔顺并联机构的伪刚体模型,提出一种微位移法来求解机构的Jacobian矩阵。先建立机构的伪刚体模型,并采用传统方法和微位移法得到机构的输入输出Jacobian矩阵;通过HyperMesh软件仿真和实验测试分别得到机构动平台中心点位移的仿真值和实验值。最后,将两种方法得到的理论值分别与仿真值、实验值进行对比。对比结果表明:与传统法相比,微位移法的计算精度较高,误差较小,且验证了Jacobian矩阵的有效性,为全柔顺并联机构的运动特性分析提供了参考。     

Microstructural Investigation of Protective and Non-Protective Oxides on 11% Chromium Steel

FIB, SEM and STEM/EDX were used to investigate X20 stainless-steel samples exposed to dry O₂, or O₂ containing 40% H₂O, with a flow velocity of 0.5 cm/s or 5 cm/s, for 168 hr or 336 hr at 600°C. Thin protective Cr-rich (Cr,Fe)₂O₃ was maintained on the samples exposed to dry O₂, even after 336 hr, and on the sample exposed to O₂/H₂O mixture with the low-flow velocity (0.5 cm/s) for 168 hr. The oxide scale formed in the latter environment contained less Cr, due to Cr loss through CrO₂(OH)₂ evaporation. Breakaway oxidation occurred on the samples exposed in high-gas-flow velocity for shorter time (168 hr) or in low-gas-flow velocity (0.5 cm/s) for longer time (336 hr). The breakaway scales featured a two-layered structure: an outward-growing oxide “island” consisting of almost pure hematite (α-Fe₂O₃), and an inward-growing oxide “crater” consisting of (Cr,Fe)₃O₄. The transition from a thin protective (Cr,Fe)₂O₃ scale to a non-protective thick scale on this martensitic/ferritic steel originated locally and was followed by rapid oxide growth, resulting in a thick scale that covered the whole sample surface.     

水溶性树脂—CO2硬化工艺在碱性镁橄榄石砂上的应用

用两种水溶性树脂在碱性镁橄榄石砂上进行了试验，结果表明：镁橄榄石涛因耗酸值高，表面不规则，多孔洞等使得ＰＡＮ－１型树脂无法满足使用要求，而ＰＡＮ－２型树脂表现出良好的工艺性能，成功地铸造出物辙叉铸件。     

Figure of merit for the quality of ZrO2 coatings on stainless steel and nickel-based alloy surfaces

A figure of merit (FOM) has been developed to define the quality of ceramic (e.g., ZrO₂) coatings on metal and alloy [Type 304SS and Alloy 600] surfaces. Zirconia (ZrO₂) coatings were developed as a means of protecting the metal/alloy surfaces from stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in boiling water reactor (BWR) primary heat transport circuits, by inhibiting the cathodic reaction (reduction of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide) on the surface external to the crack. The distribution of pores in the coating plays an important role in corrosion prevention, such that the lower the porosity of the coating, the better the protection afforded to the system against SCC. Since the reactors operate at high temperature (e.g., at 288 °C under full power conditions), the temperature dependence of the FOM was investigated. The figure of merit (FOM) was developed by measuring impedance data over a wide range of frequency (10 mHz-5 kHz) at temperatures of 25, 100, 200, and 288 °C in hydrogenated, buffered solutions, with the hydrogen electrode reaction (HER) being used as a “fast” redox couple. An “equivalent circuit” analog was first developed from the bare surface impedance data and this analog was then employed in a second step to model the pore bottom in defining the pore distribution on the coated surface. A lognormal distribution (LND) of the pores was assumed and the parameters of the LND were determined using a constrained optimization technique to fit the model to the experimental data for the coated surface at different temperatures. The results suggest that, as temperature increases, the coating becomes more porous, making the substrate more susceptible to corrosion cracking. At 288 °C, 87% of the SS and 85% of the Ni-alloy surfaces become porous with the pore radius varying from 0.0001 cm to 0.01 cm.     

关于现阶段我国高等教育机会均等的思考

高等教育机会均等是在才能(高考成绩)基础上城乡居民对高等教育需要的满足程度基本相同。文章考察了计划经济体制和市场经济体制条件下我国高等教育机会均等的现状,认为造成这种机会不均的根本原因是我国城乡二元结构,体现均等的有效策略只能是城乡基础教育协调发展。