复合微生物处理生活污水的研究

对复合微生物进行了研究,利用4种微生物群分别与活性污泥混合使用处理城市污水,考察了这几种复合微生物群在不同水力停留时间时的污水处理效果,并且用空白活性污泥作对照,进行了出水CODcr的值及其去除率的对比、分析和研究。     

城市慢行交通网络数据建模研究

城市慢行交通系统是现代城市交通系统的重要组成部分,随着多模式城市交通发展,建立便捷和高效的城市慢行交通网络系统成为现代城市解决交通问题和提升交通运行效率的关键措施。基于此,文中应用统一建模语言（UML）和地理标识语言（GML）建立城市慢行交通网络数据模型,提出一种统一的和一致性的交通地理要素定义和性质描述方法,并阐述基于GML的城市慢行交通网络的地理要素和关系表达。研究成果促进了城市交通地理数据的组织、表达、集成、共享和操作,对建立高效的城市慢行交通网络系统具有重要的理论价值。     

Phosphorus availability from phosphate rock and sewage sludge as influenced by the addition of water soluble phosphate fertilizer

Phosphorus (P) inputs are required for sustainable agricultural production in most acid soils of the tropics and subtropics. Phosphate rocks (PR) and organic materials have been suggested as alternative P sources in these soils. Quantitative information on the P availability from sewage sludge (SL) is scanty. Methods to improve the effectiveness of PR such as partial acidulation and compaction with water-soluble P sources have been recommended. The objective of this greenhouse study was to evaluate the relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) of Florida PR and sewage sludges (irradiated and non-irradiated) applied alone and in mixture with a water-soluble source (triple superphosphate, TSP) at two rates (50 and 150 mg P kg^–1 soil). The ³²P isotope dilution technique was utilised to determine the proportion of P in the plant taken up from the P fertilizer treatments. Wheat was grown on an acid loamy sand Dystric Eutrocrepts and harvested 6 weeks after planting. Results on total P uptake and the RAE of the P fertilizer sources tested indicated that the addition of 50 mg P kg^–1 soil as TSP was adequate in supplying P to the 6-week-old wheat plants as compared to PR and sewage sludge. Intermediate values were obtained for the mixtures. Similar responses were observed for the high P rate. For a given P rate, phosphorus uptake from PR and SL in presence of TSP was higher than P uptake from these sources alone, indicating an enhancement effect of TSP on the effectiveness of these non-readily available sources. With respect to P uptake from PR applied alone, the relative increases in P uptake from PR due to TSP influence were 52 and 67% for the low and high P rates, respectively. The relative increases in P uptake from SL due to TSP when compared to P uptake from SL alone were 102 and 59% for the low and high P rates of application. Application of a water-soluble P fertilizer together with a non-readily available P source shows an enhancement on the P uptake from the non-readily available P source by the wheat plants. In this experiment the estimated enhancement effects are very likely underestimated.     

油田废水电解杀菌研究

采用电解杀菌技术处理油田废水，研究了电解时间、电流强度、极板间距以及电极联结方式等因素对废水中硫酸盐还原菌杀灭效果的影响。结果表明，油田废水经3min电解杀菌，硫酸盐还原菌杀灭率高达99．90％。随着电解时间的增加，硫酸盐还原菌的杀菌率进一步提高；电流强度增加，硫酸盐还原菌的杀灭率升高。在电流强度保持不变的情况下，随着极板间距增加，极板之间电压升高，更有利于杀灭硫酸盐还原菌。在极板间电流强度相同的条件下，两种电极联结方式的杀菌率差别不大，杀菌率均在99．9％以上。     

电化学氧化法处理生活污水的研究

采用电化学氧化法处理生活污水,探讨了电解质浓度、电流密度、pH值、反应温度、不同电极等对COD、浊度的影响。实验表明,处理水中COD、浊度的最佳条件是:电解质浓度为45 g/L,pH值为8,电流密度为60 mA/m2,温度为22℃,阳极为RuSn电极,阴极使用不锈钢电极。此时COD去除率达86.22%,浊度去除率达80%,悬浮固体去除率和细菌去除率94%和99%。     

酸化水解-活性污泥-生物接触氧化工艺处理有机污水

介绍了采用酸化水解——活性污泥——生物接触氧化工艺处理含有山梨醇、甘露醇、蔗糖、醋酸乙烯、甲基纤维素的有机污水。该工艺具有出水水质稳定，操作简单、管理方便，能耗低等优点，是处理该类有机污水的有效方法。     

城市异形排涝通道消能防冲新技术

该文针对感潮河段魁岐排涝二站?型复杂流道的不利冲刷问题,通过建立整体水工模型,研究城市异形排涝通道消能防冲新技术,提出导流坎、消力坎和消力墩联合消能防冲技术,探索其在宽幅水位变化、多工程交替运行及通航情况下的适应能力,并给出水力设计方法。研究表明,联合消能工对复杂工况适应良好,能有效解决异形排涝通道的消能防冲问题。     

污水处理厂PPP项目优选研究

如何在众多污水处理厂PPP项目中挑选出风险低、回报适宜的优质项目不仅是社会资本方关注的重点,也是推动PPP项目顺利开展的关键。从社会资本方的角度出发,建立政府能力及环境、项目特征、项目影响3个方面的较为完善的污水处理厂PPP项目评价体系,采用聚类分析法从类别内、类别间两方面综合计算专家权重,以此修正AHP法确定的指标权重,并结合TOPSIS模型对众多污水处理厂PPP项目进行比较,优选出最适宜投资的项目。通过实例验证,此方法可行、有效,且社会资本方对项目特征、政府能力及环境两方面非常重视。     

阳宗海流域冬季典型农村污水污染特征及水质评价

为揭示阳宗海流域不同类型农村污水各污染指标的影响因素和分布特征,选取云南省的海晏村(传统型)和大营村(集镇型)的污水进行水样采集,通过方差分析研究其不同污染指标的浓度变化以及不同类型农村污水水质的差异性,并运用主成分分析法对污水进行水质评价。结果表明:阳宗海流域海晏村污水中的TN、COD均明显超过了城镇污水处理厂污染物排放二级标准,大营村的TP、TN、COD均明显超过了二级标准;pH值与氧化还原电位都是农村污水中污染物浓度的重要影响因子;两村的水质具有显著的差异性;传统型农村的水质比集镇型农村的要好,说明对阳宗海流域造成污染风险更大的是集镇型农村污水。     

城市径流总量控制指标分解及实现路径探索与实践

针对海绵城市径流总量控制目标,提出一种在城市规划体系中控制性详细规划和修建性详细规划阶段分解落实年径流总量控制率的方法。在控制性详细规划阶段分解径流总量控制指标时,分步骤先后确定各项低影响开发措施的面积率和下沉深度;在修建性详细规划阶段,配合径流总量控制指标分解结果,给出适宜的各项低影响开发措施的技术实施导则,以保证各单项指标的正确实施,并以某项目为例介绍了技术实施导则的构建方法。