基于无人机倾斜摄影的嘉兴老城区住宅识别

为了应对老城区房屋数据信息不足、获取不便的问题,提出利用无人机（UAV）倾斜摄影测量技术实现老城区住宅自动识别的方法. 根据老城区典型多层住宅的外立面特征,确定出阳台构造、立面朝向和房屋长宽比3个参数控制的住宅判别标准. 通过无人机摄影测量获取嘉兴研究区的密集匹配点云、数字正射影像（DOM）和数字表面模型（DSM）数据. 融合DOM及DSM数据提取单体建筑轮廓,分割出单体房屋点云. 基于RANSAC算法提取房屋立面点云并确定立面朝向,根据立面的点云空间分布判断立面长度及阳台构造. 试验表明,在研究区应用该方法识别典型住宅的准确率可以达到90%.     

城市街道分水口对洪水流态转换过程影响研究

随着城市化进程加快和全球气候变化加剧,城市洪涝灾害频发。研究城市街道的行洪特征,掌握城市建筑物对洪水流动的影响机理,对城市洪涝灾害治理具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。本文开展了城市建筑物对洪水运动影响的物理模型试验,在街道两侧布设分水口模拟建筑物不连续的分流效果,分析分水口位置及流量变化对洪水流态转化及水跃形态的影响。观测上游来流量变化、分水口位置等因素对洪水从急流向缓流过渡时的动力特征的影响,包括水跃发生位置、水跃形态转变、水跃漩滚长度、跃前和跃后水深比及分流比等。     

磁性金属有机框架材料制备及吸附性能研究

利用简单的溶剂热法合成了MIL-101（Fe）/CoFe₂O₄和MIL-101（Fe）/NiFe₂O₄磁性金属有机框架纳米复合材料。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、振动磁强计（VSM）、热重分析仪（TGA）和紫外可见分光光度计（UV）等对复合材料的相结构、形貌、磁性能和吸附性能进行了研究。将磁性金属有机框架材料用于吸附污水中罗丹明B（RhB）,研究了罗丹明B初始质量浓度对复合材料吸附能力的影响。结果表明,制备的磁性金属有机框架复合材料的形貌均匀、结晶度高,具有高的饱和磁化强度。复合物具有金属有机框架材料和磁性材料的双重优点。MIL-101（Fe）/CoFe₂O₄对罗丹明B有较高的吸附能力（97.3 mg/g）。热力学研究发现吸附等温方程符合Langmuir模型,吸附动力学研究表明吸附机制与吸附质和吸附剂有关。磁性金属有机框架纳米复合材料作为污水处理剂将具有广阔的应用前景。     

探讨回收污水中有用的物质

重油催化裂化等的污水含汽油、硫和氨，将汽油、硫和氨回收是哈尔滨石化分公司具有发展前景的项目。     

Occurrence patterns of alien freshwater turtles in a large urban pond ‘Archipelago’ (Rome,Italy): Suggesting hypotheses on root causes

The patterns of the occurrence and distribution of alien freshwater turtle species in an urban pond archipelago (Rome, Italy) were analysed, with the aim of exploring the role of a set of factors (type of ponds, landscape context, size area, distance from the nearest road) with a generalized linear model approach. A total of 311 ponds subdivided in three types (fountains, small basins, lakes) embedded in different landscape contexts (public parks, private parks, urban areas) at differing distances from the nearest road were sampled. Six non‐native freshwater turtle species in 31 sites were recorded (9.97%). Lakes exhibited the highest occurrence rates of alien freshwater turtles, compared to small basins and fountains. Freshwater turtle species in urbanized areas were only observed in parks (both public and private). In both the public and private parks, the lakes exhibited the highest percentage of occupied sites, with fountains being the lowest. A direct and significant relationship was observed between pond size and species richness. The distance from the nearest road did not appear to affect species richness. A first interpretation of the data from this study facilitated the postulation of two a posteriori hypotheses that should be tested, as follows: (i) the causal process of turtle release is random, and the rate of extinction (and recapture) is higher in smaller ponds, thus producing the observed pattern; and (ii) the turtle release is not random, and people actively select the ponds they consider more suitable for their pet animals. In this study, it appears the lakes were perceived by those who abandon their pets as the most ecologically suitable habitats among other pond types to accommodate the different species of turtles. Knowledge of people's attitudes in regard to releasing pet animals also might assist managers of public green spaces to develop strategies aimed to preserve local biodiversity, and to educate the public about the conservation issue represented by the alien species.     

用粉煤灰稳定抗生素废水处理剩余污泥的研究

利用粉煤灰稳定抗生素废水处理过程中产生的剩余污泥的试验表明:粉煤灰与剩余污泥按一定比例混合搅拌后,混合物的重金属离子浓度和病原菌的含量均低于农用规定的浓度。在粉煤灰对重金属离子的固定机制中,表面络合作用在较宽的pH值范围内,尤其是在较低pH值时起主要作用,氢氧化物沉淀作用在较高pH值时是主要作用机制;粉煤灰的强碱性是杀死剩余污泥中微生物的主要原因。     

滇池环湖截污干渠错峰技术模拟与分析

为了实现滇池流域截污效果的最大化,基于前期建立的东岸排水管网SWMM模型,结合该区域1995-2016年间降雨资料,研究环湖截污干渠的错峰调蓄技术。根据雨水干渠液位高度执行不同控制模式:当水位低于6.76 m时执行典型污染物浓度阈值控制模式;当水位高于6.76 m时执行典型污染物阈值控制的同时执行液位-污染物通量控制模式。采用SS和TN作为干渠截流的典型污染物控制指标,其控制浓度阈值分别取12和5 mg/L。模拟重现期为0.5~1 a降雨时SS、TN浓度-负荷通量调蓄方案下干渠负荷收集情况,结果表明两种调蓄方案均能有效提高雨水干渠的负荷收集率,提高污水干渠出口浓度,降低雨水径流对污水厂的高水量和低浓度冲击负荷。随着重现期增大,干渠对污染物的高效和最大化收集效果越明显。但是TN调控下污染负荷收集效果优于SS,因此选择TN作为干渠截流的最优典型污染物控制指标。     

UASB-SBR工艺处理城市生活污水的研究

研究了UASB工艺处理城市生活污水的可行性，通过UASB与SBR组合工艺的运行实验，得出在水力停留时间3h时，COD去除率为61．67％-82．32％，出水COD达到国家污水排放二级标准。在氮磷去除效果不佳的情况下，采用SBR工艺处理后，其出水COD、SS、氮、磷等指标均达到国家污水一级排放标准。     

Extraction of Lipids from Municipal Wastewater Plant Microorganisms for Production of Biodiesel

Municipal wastewater treatment plants in the USA produce over 6.2 × 10⁶ t of dried sewage sludge every year. This microorganism-rich sludge is often landfilled or used as fertilizer. Recent restrictions on the use of sewage sludge, however, have resulted in increased disposal problems. Extraction of lipids from sludge yields an untapped source of cheap feedstock for biodiesel production. Solvents used for extraction in this study include n-hexane, methanol, acetone, and supercritical CO₂. The gravimetric yield of oil was low for nonpolar solvents, but use of polar solvents gave a considerably increased yield; however, the percentage of saponifiable material was less. Extraction of lipids with a mixture of n-hexane, methanol, and acetone gave the largest conversion to biodiesel compared with other solvent systems, 4.41% based on total dry weight of sludge. In situ transesterification of dried sludge resulted in a yield of 6.23%. If a 10% dry weight yield of fatty acid methyl esters is assumed, the amount of biodiesel available for production in the USA is 1.4 × 10⁶ m³/year. Outfitting 50% of municipal wastewater plants for lipid extraction and transesterification could result in enough biodiesel production to replace 0.5% of the national petroleum diesel demand (0.7 × 10⁶ m³).     

复合微生物处理生活污水的研究

对复合微生物进行了研究,利用4种微生物群分别与活性污泥混合使用处理城市污水,考察了这几种复合微生物群在不同水力停留时间时的污水处理效果,并且用空白活性污泥作对照,进行了出水CODcr的值及其去除率的对比、分析和研究。