从实例看花岗岩地基勘察的几个特点

以花岗岩类的硬质岩作为建筑物基础持力层,具有承载力高、稳定性好,抗震性强的特点,被许多重要建筑物所采用,尤其是沿海地区的高层建筑物。但往往此类基岩的层面不够“平整”,基岩层面的变化对基础的设计、施工,尤其是桩基础影响很大。本文通过对某高层建筑进行地基勘察的实例,总结了花岗岩地区风化岩层的几个特征及其在工程勘察中需注意的一些问题。     

Air flow through a non-airconditioned bus with open windows

Open window buses without air-conditioning are a major mode of urban and inter-city transport in most countries. High occupancy combined with hot and humid conditions makes travel in these buses quite uncomfortable. In this study air flow through a bus has been studied that could be the basis for low cost and eco-friendly methods of increasing passenger comfort and possibly reduce drag. The aerodynamics of such a road vehicle has not been studied as previous investigations have been confined to vehicles with closed windows that present a smooth exterior to air flow. Using a 1:25 scaled Perspex model of an urban bus in Delhi, flow visualization was performed in a water channel. The Reynolds numbers were one-tenth of a real bus moving at 10 m/s. Smoke and tuft visualizations were also performed on an urban bus at 40 km/h. Numerical simulations were performed at the actual Reynolds number. Even though there were Reynolds number differences, the broad features were similar. Air enters the bus from the rear windows, moves to the front (relative to the bus) and exits from the front windows. Inside air velocity relative to the bus is about one-tenth of the free-stream velocity. The flow is highly three-dimensional and unsteady.     

NiTi形状记忆合金激光气体氮化层表面特征

为改善NiTi合金的表面性能，利用2kW连续波Nd：YAG对NiTi合金进行激光气体氮化处理。采用SEM、TEM、XRD、XPS和纳米压痕研究了氮化层的显微组织及表面特征．结果表明：激光气体氮化可以在NiTi合金表面制备连续、无裂纹、厚度为2μm的TiN表面层，该表面层中基本不合有Ni元素且具有很高的硬度，其纳米压痕硬度为29．28GPa．     

试论安定性不合格消石灰对柔性路面质量的影响

由于过烧石灰的存在和消解不当等原因，造成消石灰安定性不合格，当石灰稳定类路面结构成型或投入使用后，消石灰中的生石灰颗粒开始吸收周围水分，慢慢消解，消解过程中发生体积膨胀，对路面产生破坏。解决石灰安定性问题对防止公路前修后坏，延长路面使用寿命具有积极的现实意义。     

城市化进程中的小城镇交通初探

通过对小城镇城市结构、路网结构、交通结构和交通管理特征进行详细分析，得出小城镇交通问题症结所在，并初步提出小城镇交通规划和交通治理的对策。     

大规格圆钢质量分析和控制

针对湘钢棒材厂生产大规格圆钢出现的表面质量问题，重点介绍了在成品轧机后采用U形辊道和立活套替换棍道；冷床输入辊道采用镶WT合金套；增设高压水除鳞装置；中间轧件尺寸精度控制等措施，成功的解决了大规格圆钢表面擦伤、“麻面”、尺寸超差等表面质量问题，产品质量显著提高。     

套管钻井用套管外表面磨损后剩余强度分析

在分析讨论套管钻井管柱磨损形态的基础上,结合API5C5实物试验尺寸要求,通过有限元计算分析方法,对钻井套管完钻后含有外表面磨损缺陷的套管柱的极限剩余抗挤强度和极限剩余抗拉强度进行了研究,分别获得了均匀磨损和偏磨条件下,套管钻井套管柱外表面磨损缺陷的临界长度尺寸数值,以及不同破坏失效准则条件下的剩余抗挤强度和剩余抗拉强度的计算方程,为套管钻井中套管柱的设计、计算奠定了理论基础。     

Copper(II) removal from aqueous solutions by fly ash

The removal of Cu(II) by adsorption on fly ash has been found to be concentration, pH and temperature dependent. The kinetics of adsorption indicates the process to be diffusion controlled. The Langmuir constants have been calculated at different temperatures, and the adsorption has been found to be endothermic (ΔH = 15.652 kcal mol^?1). The maximum removal is observed at pH 8.0, and variation in adsorption with pH has been explained on the basis of surface ionisation and complexation.     

硅表面上的纳米量子点的自组织生长

纳米半导体量子点以其所具有的新颖光电性质与输运特性正在受到人们普遍重视。作为制备高质量纳米量子点的工艺技术 ,自组织生长方法倍受材料物理学家的青睐。而如何制备尺寸大小与密度分布可控的纳米量子点更为人们所注目。因为这是关系到纳米量子点最终能否器件实用化的关键。文中以此为主线 ,着重介绍了各种 Si表面 ,如常规表面、氧化表面、台阶表面以及吸附表面上 ,不同纳米量子点的自组织生长及其形成机理 ,并展望了其未来发展前景