Nonlocalized fatigue damage of metals and alloys. Part 3. Strain and energy criteria

The paper considers methods of accelerated determination of endurance limits of metals and alloys based on the analysis of regularities in their inelastic deformation, strain and energy criteria of fatigue fracture, and methods for life prediction with the use of those criteria. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 1, pp. 5–31, January–February, 2006.     

Fully plastic analyses for notched bars and plates using finite element limit analysis

In the present work, fully plastic analyses for notched bars and (plane strain) plates in tension are performed, via finite element (FE) limit analysis based on non-hardening plasticity, from which plastic limit loads and stress fields are determined. Relevant geometric parameters are systematically varied to cover all possible ranges of the notch depth and radius. For the limit loads, it is found that the FE solutions for the notched plate agree well with the existing solution. For the notched bar, however, the FE solutions are found to be significantly different from known solutions, and accordingly the new approximation is given. Regarding fully plastic stress fields, it is found that, for the notched plate, the maximum hydrostatic (mean normal) stress overall occurs in the center of the specimen, which strongly depends on the relative notch depth and the notch radius-to-depth ratio. On the other hand, for the notched bar, the maximum hydrostatic stress can occur in between the center of the specimen and the notch tip. The maximum hydrostatic stress for a given notch depth can occur not for the cracked case, but for the notched case with a certain radius. This is true for both bars and plates. For a given notch radius, on the other hand, the maximum hydrostatic stress increases monotonically with the decreasing notch radius.     

一种可在线确定电压稳定运行范围的方法

文中根据节点的戴维南等值电路，提出了一种确定静态电压稳定临界运行状态及其运行范围的方法。通过理论分析认为：节点的最大输出功率与戴维南等值电势的平方成正比、与戴维南等值阻抗成反比，与节点负荷的阻抗角成单调递减变化；节点的临界电压与戴维南等值电势成正比，与节点负荷的阻抗角成单调递减变化。采用广域测量系统，该方法间接地避免了潮流方程的Jacobian矩阵在临界点奇异而带来的不收敛问题，弥补了传统方法在线应用中存在的系统规模过大、非线性模型不准确、数据多且更新不及时、速度慢等缺陷。通过仿真计算表明该方法可行，可以在线快速确定电压稳定临界状态。     

短期电力负荷预报间隔采样混沌模型

现有研究工作表明电力系统负荷数据具有弱混沌性。在负荷预测混沌建模方法中,Lvapunov指数预报模式具有理论基础强、模型简单、预测精度高等优点,但预测时限受负荷吸引子最大Lyapunov指数限制。针对Lyapunov指数预报模式的不足,提出了k-△t间隔采样混沌模型,首先将原始负荷序列分解为多个不相交的了序列,然后对各个子序列分别建立Lyapunov指数预报模型。改进了求解最大 Lyapunov指数的方法,探讨了原始负荷序列最大可分解子序列数目的确定依据。数值实验结果表明文中提出的模型能有效地提高负荷预测精度、增加预测时限。     

霍耳效应实验装置的研究与改进

分析了置于磁场中霍耳片电阻增大和易被烧坏的原因,指出TH型霍耳效应实验仪存在的缺陷,并通过设计一条限流电路的方法,起到对霍耳片的保护作用,提高了实验可靠性.     

钢管-钢骨混凝土组合柱轴压比限值的研究

目的研究使钢管-钢骨混凝土组合柱发生延性破坏时所需要确定的轴压比限值．方法通过对钢管、钢骨的简化处理，从界限破坏出发，分析了钢管-钢骨混凝土组合柱轴压比限值的组成，建立了界限破坏时的计算简图，进而推导出轴压比限值的理论计算公式．结果在确定了轴压比限值的计算公式基础上，对其进行了简化计算，根据不同的抗震等级确定了试验中3个试件的轴压比限值．结论钢管-钢骨混凝土框架柱比钢管混凝土核心柱的轴压比限制提高10％左右，其值随着钢骨含率的增加而提高．因此相比钢管混凝土核心柱，钢管-钢骨混凝土组合柱具有更好的延性．     

85Kr在线监测原型装置研制

用NaI（Tl）探测器和小型数字化谱仪组成一套后处理厂排放⁸⁵Kr在线监测原型装置，并开发相应的应用软件。该装置具有远程控制功能，可实现数据获取、分析及传输的远程操作，具有连续运行和间歇运行两种工作模式。在间歇运行模式下，可通过增大测量容器内的气体压力，进一步提高探测灵敏度和监测可靠性。在实验室条件下，测量时间为1200s时，装置的实际探测下限为3.4×10⁴Bq/m³，判断限为1.7×10⁴Bq/m³。当报警阈值设置为装置探测下限、测量容器内压力大于417kPa时，装置能对浓度高于8.1×10⁴Bq/m³的⁸⁵Kr气体进行可靠监测及报警。报警的漏报率和误报率均小于0.1%。     

某型飞机模糊极限状态限制器的设计

本文提出了一种基于模糊控制的某型飞机极限状态限制器的设计方法。该方法将模糊控制函数的优化和模糊控制系统增益自适应调整集中于一体,可大大改善系统的品质和适应能力。在系统设计中,比例因子的最小二乘法估计用于优化控制规则,论域的在线自调整可以消除模糊化过程中所导致的信息丢失,积分抑制策略则是为了提高稳态精度、增强适应性和进一步抑制超调。在全飞行包线的数字仿真结果表明,本文提出的模糊控制方法获得了良好的控制效果。     

Lower bound limit analysis of cohesive‐frictional materials using second‐order cone programming

The formulation of limit analysis by means of the finite element method leads to an optimization problem with a large number of variables and constraints. Here we present a method for obtaining strict lower bound solutions using second‐order cone programming (SOCP), for which efficient primal‐dual interior‐point algorithms have recently been developed. Following a review of previous work, we provide a brief introduction to SOCP and describe how lower bound limit analysis can be formulated in this way. Some methods for exploiting the data structure of the problem are also described, including an efficient strategy for detecting and removing linearly dependent constraints at the assembly stage. The benefits of employing SOCP are then illustrated with numerical examples. Through the use of an effective algorithm/software, very large optimization problems with up to 700 000 variables are solved in minutes on a desktop machine. The numerical examples concern plane strain conditions and the Mohr–Coulomb criterion, however we show that SOCP can also be applied to any other problem of lower bound limit analysis involving a yield function with a conic quadratic form (notable examples being the Drucker–Prager criterion in 2D or 3D, and Nielsen's criterion for plates). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of rock mass structure and block size on the slope stability--Physical modeling and discrete element simulation

This paper studies the stability of jointed rock slopes by using our improved three-dimensional discrete element methods (DEM) and physical modeling. Results show that the DEM can simulate all failure modes of rock slopes with different joint configurations. The stress in each rock block is not homogeneous and blocks rotate in failure development. Failure modes depend on the configuration of joints. Toppling failure is observed for the slope with straight joints and sliding failure is observed for the slope with staged joints. The DEM results are also compared with those of limit equilibrium method (LEM). Without considering the joints in rock masses, the LEM predicts much higher factor of safety than physical modeling and DEM. The failure mode and factor of safety predicted by the DEM are in good agreement with laboratory tests for any jointed rock slope.