考虑大主应力方向转换的横压试验机理分析

本文分别对纯粘土和一般土的横压试验进行了分析。根据土体开始屈服时的大主应力方向，将屈服划分为两种类型，给出了判别式，推导出每种屈服的比例极限压力。然后，根据屈服后大主应力的转换情况，将屈服后的塑性区划分为两个亚区，推导出每个亚区的应力场。最后，给出了极限压力的计算式，并与试验值作了对比。     

400／50ND钢锚断裂分析

４００／５０ＮＤ钢锚在冬季运行中发现环形部位断裂，为找出断裂原因，对钢锚进行了化学成分分析，宏观及微也断口分析，金相分析及机械性能分析等。分析结果确认钢锚是在局部压力作用下，由于钢材的杂质偏高且分布不均而产生脆性断裂的，根据断裂原因提出了防止断裂的措施。     

关于测定比例极限的试验研究

“金属拉力试验法”称之为金属材料力学性能测试的基本方法，几乎所有的金属材料产品与制品及建筑，机械，军工产品等，都直接与之发生紧密的联系，对冶金产品检验质量的控制和科研等方面起着积极作用。为适应我国的对外贸易，以及国家标准要具有国际性等多方面的需求，对国家标准形成技术上修订的必要。由此，本文对测定比例极限有关问题进行了归纳，总结和研究。     

极限分析求地基承载力方法的改进

本文根据极限分析方法的计算结果并通过滑移线场的变化，指出了传统计算地基承载力方法的近似性．文中还建议了一种从理论上计算无粘性土地基承载力的方法．     

Fatigue limit reliability of axisymmetric complex surface

In this paper, a method to predict fatigue limit reliability of specimens with 2D complex rough surface is proposed. First, a effective surface profile on fatigue limit is proposed. This is obtained from the ineffective crack length against the fatigue limit. Next, an equivalent notch depth is proposed to replace a rough profile to a smooth profile with a notch. To calculate the stress concentration of the notch and to determine the equivalent notch depth, an exact solution is given for a problem of an infinite plate with a complex profile under tension. The solution is obtained with the complex variable method. Finally, a method to predict the fatigue limit reliability is discussed. The Linear Notch Mechanics and parameter model is used to predict the fatigue limit of a smooth profile with a notch, and then the fatigue limit reliability is estimated with the fatigue limit of many simulated surfaces. Moreover, rotating bending fatigue tests of 0.1% carbon steel with a complex surface are carried out. The experimental fatigue limit data is compared with the present estimated value. As results, the validity of the present method is examined.     

Eelgrass as a Bioindicator Under the European Water Framework Directive

Eelgrass is the most widespread plant in temperate coastal waters. It is regarded as a useful indicator of water quality because water clarity regulates its extension towards deeper waters, i.e. the depth limit. This study analyses the use of eelgrass depth limits as a bioindicator under the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The WFD demands that ecological status is classified by relating the actual level of bioindicators to a so-called reference level, reflecting a situation of limited anthropogenic influence. The directive further demands that reference levels are defined for water body types with similar hydromorphological characteristics, and that the classification thereby becomes type-specific.A large historic data set on depth limits of eelgrass around 1900 was used to characterise reference levels, and a large data set from the Danish National Monitoring and Assessment Programme to characterise actual depth limits. Data represented a wide range of Danish coastal water bodies that were grouped into 10 water body types based on differences in salinity and water depth.The analyses clearly illustrate that the definition of ecological status classes markedly influence the assessment of ecological status according to the WFD. Moreover, the study demonstrates that the use of type-specific classification implies a risk of misinterpreting ecological status. Classification problems were pronounced in spite of a unique data material on reference conditions, and the problems are likely to be even greater in cases where reference conditions are less well defined. A more robust classification was obtained by using reference levels for individual sites in a site-specific classification.In conclusion, when classifying water quality on the basis of eelgrass depth limits, site-specific reference levels are recommended if such data are available. If more general information on reference levels is used, local conditions known to affect depth limits must be taken into account.     

THE ESTIMATION OF RANDOM COEFFICIENT AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS. I

Abstract. This paper is concerned with autoregressive models in which the coefficients are assumed to be not constant but subject to random perturbations so that we are considering a class of random coefficient autoregressive models. By means of a two stage regression procedure estimates of the unknown parameters of these models are obtained. The estimates are shown to be strongly consistent and to satisfy a central limit theorem. A number of Monte Carlo experiments was carried out to illustrate the estimation procedure and their results are reported.     

地下墙护壁泥浆临界相对密度的迭代解：坍底涉及地下水面而未及地表面

给出了地下墙泥浆槽壁坍体斜面涉及地下水面而未及地表面情形下的坍体极限平衡方程式和物理意义明确的转换式，导出了最危险状态的坍底面临界倾角和相应的极限平衡状态的护壁泥浆临界相对密度的迭代解公式及实用的近似求解方法，并给出了判别坍底临界倾斜面是否涉及地表的充分必要条件和简化的充分条件。     

INFLUENCE OF LOW-INTENSITY SHOT PEENING ON THE FATIGUE STRENGTH OF AN Al/Al

Metal matrix composites are increasingly utilized in engineering applications because of their favourable strength/weight ratio. However, their applications are still limited because of their relatively poor fatigue resistance, which could be improved by using some appropriate surface treatment. In this paper, an Al/Al₂ O₃ (20%) composite material is considered. In particular its fatigue strength is examined to verify if, how and when shot peening can be used to improve the performances of MMC components that are cyclically loaded. Fatigue tests allow one to evaluate the influence of shot peening on the fatigue limit of both smooth and notched specimens. Residual stress measurements, fracture surface analyses and metallographic examinations allow one to evaluate the role of residual stresses, hardening and grain distortion on the improvement that can be achieved with this treatment. On the basis of these results, some guidelines are drawn on how to optimize the choice of peening parameters.     

Ultrasonic assisted enzymatic digestion (USAED) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry as a powerful tool for total selenium and selenium species control in Se-enriched food supplements

The suitability of hyphenated USAED with HPLC separation and ET-AAS determination as a new rapid methodology for Se control in Se-enriched food supplements is demonstrated. Total Se determination and Se speciation are accomplished in a single sample treatment using low sample amounts (ca. 10 mg), and low extracting volume (1 mL). The total Se content in seven of the 10 Se-enriched supplements studied was in agreement with the values obtained after microwave pressurized acid digestion, MW, (test t, p = 0.05). The Se species studied were Se(IV), Se(VI), SeMet, SeMeSeCys, and SeCys₂, being some of the most common found in the 10 supplements studied. Although SeMet was the Se species expected to be present at the highest concentration in most Se-enriched food supplements, we detected it in only three of the 10 samples studied. In the other seven samples, two of them had Se(IV) as the main Se species. The other five supplements had Se species that did not match with any of the five standards selected by us. We have also systematically demonstrated that ultrasonication does not alter the following Se species: Se(IV), Se(VI), SeMet, SeMeSeCys, and SeCys₂. The new procedure can be easily adapted to more Se species and can be routinely used for Se control in Se-enriched food supplements. Concerning the supplements studied, our results suggest that stricter control on the Se content in enriched food supplements in terms of Se species will need to become mandatory.