集中式MIMO雷达研究进展：正交波形设计与信号处理

集中式多输入多输出（Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO）雷达通常利用正交波形增加发射波形自由度,采用数字阵列拓展空间收发自由度,使得雷达接收机的天线孔径获得明显扩展,最终带来空间分辨率、测角精确度、杂波抑制能力等大幅度提升。但是,这些性能提升的前提是发射波形具有正交特性。事实上,在实际应用中,在不牺牲时域/频域资源情况下,受限于时宽带宽积,无法获得完全正交的波形集合,从而限制了MIMO雷达系统性能。本文对集中式MIMO雷达正交波形复用的技术原理进行了系统回顾,分别归纳了三种快时间发射波形设计方法：时分复用（Time Division Multiplexing, TDM）、码分复用（Code Division Multiplexing,CDM）和频分复用 （Frequency Division Multiplexing, FDM）,以及两种慢时间发射波形设计方法：多普勒分复用（Doppler Division Multiplexing,DDM）和随机相位编码波形,并对其优缺点进行对比。同时,对快时间MIMO和慢时间MIMO的信号处理流程进行归纳综合,给出基于匹配滤波的集中式MIMO雷达统一信号处理框架。为了展示不同波形对成像性能的影响,本文给出了基于三维匹配滤波的MIMO雷达成像结果。最后,结合实际应用问题,指出当前MIMO雷达面临的技术难点和发展趋势。     

Vacancy Manipulation Induced Optimal Carrier Concentration,Band Convergence and Low Lattice Thermal Conductivity in Nano-Crystalline SnTe Yielding Superior Thermoelectric Performance

Synergetic optimization of electrical and thermal transport properties is achieved for SnTe-based nano-crystalline materials. Gd doping is able to suppress the Sn vacancy, which is confirmed by positron annihilation measurements and corresponding theoretical calculations. Hence, the optimal hole carrier concentration is obtained, leading to the improvement of electrical transport performance and simultaneous decrease of electronic thermal conductivity. In addition, the incremental density of states effective mass m* in SnTe is realized by the promotion of the band convergence via Gd doping, which is further confirmed by the band structure calculation. Hence, the enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient is also achieved, leading to a high power factor of 2922 µW m⁻¹ K⁻² for Sn_0.96Gd_0.04Te at 900 K. Meanwhile, substantial suppression of the lattice thermal conductivity is observed in Gd-doped SnTe, which is originated from enhanced phonon scattering by multiple processes including mass and strain fluctuations due to the Gd doping, scattering of grain boundaries, nano-pores, and secondary phases induced by Gd doping. With the decreased phonon mean free path and reduced average phonon group velocity, a rather low lattice thermal conductivity is achieved. As a result, the synergetic optimization of the electric and thermal transport properties contributes to a rather high ZT value of ≈1.5 at 900 K, leading to the superior thermoelectric performance of SnTe-based nanoscale polycrystalline materials.     

FS-Net: 面向时序知识图谱推理的频次统计网络

时序知识图谱推理吸引了研究人员的极大关注.现有的时序知识图谱推理技术通过建模历史信息取得了巨大的进步.但是,时变性问题和不可见实体(关系)问题仍然是阻碍时序知识图谱推理模型性能进一步提升的两大挑战;而且由于需要对历史子图序列的结构信息和时间依赖信息进行建模,传统的基于嵌入的方法往往在训练和预测过程中具有较高的时间消耗,这极大地限制了推理模型在现实场景中的应用.针对以上困境,提出了一个用于时序知识图谱推理的频次统计网络, FS-Net.一方面, FS-Net不断基于最新的短期历史的事实频次统计,动态地为变化的时间戳上的预测生成时变的得分;另一方面,FS-Net基于当前时间戳上的事实频次统计,为预测补充历史不可见实体(关系);特别地,FS-Net不需要进行训练,而且具有极高的时间效率.在两个时序知识图谱基准数据集上的大量实验,表明了FS-Net相较于基准模型的巨大提升.     

基于正弦数据压缩算法的DDS研究及FPGA实现

针对直接数字频率合成器（DDS）芯片因存储空间开销大导致功耗增加,可靠性降低的问题 ,设计了一种将改进sunderland算法与QE-ROM技术相结合的一种用于直接数字频率合成器（DDS）的紧凑型16位精度正弦查找表(ROM);对所设计的正弦查表算法进行了系统级仿真与硬件描述语言（Verilog HDL)实现,并最终在FPGA上进行了整体算法功能与性能的验证;基于AD5360芯片制作了一款多通道16位输出数模转换器(DAC),并搭载降压稳压芯片LM317和LM337实现了一款可以将220V工频转换为DAC所需的±9V和3.75V的供电电源。测试结果显示,设计的正弦查找表算法在达到16位精度的同时,只占据8576bit的存储空间。所使用的正弦数据优化算法相比较传统的DDS正弦波形发生器资源节省99.2%,实现了122：1的压缩比,有效降低了DDS的芯片面积和功耗;     

基于FMCW雷达的多人心率呼吸检测

针对目前毫米波雷达应用于多人生命体征检测效果不佳, 检测范围小等缺点, 提出了一种多人心率呼吸提取分离方法, 首先采用Capon波束成形技术对非目标区域信号形成零陷, 对目标区域进行提取相位、相位解缠绕操作; 其次利用自适应谐波跟踪算法滤除噪声; 最后使用粒子群算法和样本熵改进的变分模态分解法(PSO-SE-VMD)对信号进行分解得到模态分量, 选取合适的模态分量并通过短时自相关算法提取心率呼吸. 实验结果表明, 该方法在夹角30°和60°时心率的均方误差分别为5.55和3.15, 实现了多人检测并有效提高了检测范围.     

Circularly polarized patch antenna with simultaneously wide frequency tuning range and high gain performance

A tunable circularly polarized square patch antenna with parasitic elements is designed for a wide frequency tuning range and high gain characteristics. The proposed antenna is constructed by one main patch and four semi-elliptic parasitic units. By loading four varactor diodes and adjusting their capacitance values, the tunable feature is performed to reallocate the corresponding working frequency. Moreover, the diagonal corners of the antenna are cut and loaded with varactor diodes, which provide the appropriate perturbation between the two orthogonality modes of the antenna, so as to ensure the circular polarization characteristic in the entire operating tuning band. The experimental results demonstrate that the reflection coefficient and axial ratio are less than −13 dB and 3 dB, respectively. The proposed antenna features a relatively wide continuously tuning range of 24% within 1.9-2.3 GHz and a stable gain of over 7 dBi with a radiation efficiency of above 85%.     

Least squares decoding in binomial frequency division multiplexing

This paper proposes a method that can reduce the complexity of a system matrix by analyzing the characteristics of a pseudoinverse matrix to receive a binomial frequency division multiplexing (BFDM) signal and decode it using the least squares (LS) method. The system matrix of BFDM can be expressed as a band matrix, and as this matrix contains many zeros, its amount of calculation when generating a transmission signal is quite small. The LS solution can be obtained by multiplying the received signal by the pseudoinverse matrix of the system matrix. The singular value decomposition of the system matrix indicates that the pseudoinverse matrix is a band matrix. The signal-to-interference ratio is obtained from their eigenvalues. Meanwhile, entries that do not contribute to signal generation are erased to enhance calculation efficiency. We decode the received signal using the pseudoinverse matrix and the removed pseudoinverse matrix to obtain the bit error rate performance and to analyze the difference.     

FSNet: 基于频率特性的烟雾图像分割网络

烟雾图像分割是对烟雾进行识别与精准定位的基础, 是火灾预警的重要手段. 针对烟雾分割时存在过分割、欠分割以及边界拟合粗糙的问题, 本文提出一种基于频率分离特性的烟雾图像分割网络. 所提出的频率分离模块将特征图中的烟雾区域分离为低频主体部分和高频边界部分, 同时基于多任务学习设计多模块权重自适应损失函数对烟雾整体、主体、边界分别监督学习, 起到细化烟雾边界和改善烟雾整体分割结果的作用; 此外, 结合可变形卷积提出改进的空洞空间金字塔池化模块以解决其信息利用率低和特征关联性差的问题. 在对比实验中, FSNet的烟雾交并比为76.55%, 比基线网络提高了4.25%. 可视化分割结果可以看出, FSNet能有效缓解过分割、欠分割, 所得烟雾边界更平滑, 烟雾图像分割的整体性能获得较大提升.     

线性切换系统的采样数据输出调节问题

本文基于采样控制,解决了线性切换系统的输出调节问题.首先考虑了外部输入信号是常数的情况,给出了采样周期与平均驻留时间的关系.通过构造一类Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函,使得闭环系统内部稳定且调节输出趋于零.其次考虑了外部输入信号是导数有界且时变的情况,给出了采样数据状态反馈控制器,并依据采样周期和平均驻留时间关系给出的切换条件得到了切换系统实用输出调节问题可解的充分条件.最后通过两个数值例子验证了方法的有效性.     

变转速下滚动轴承的阶频谱相关域微弱故障特征增强与提取

滚动轴承是旋转机械常用且故障率较高的部件之一,其故障的及时发现,对于设备安全、稳定运行具有重要意义。滚动轴承的早期故障特征十分微弱,容易被强背景噪声干扰所掩盖。同时,滚动轴承往往在变转速工况下运行,故障特征的时变特性导致特征提取较为困难。针对上述问题,提出一种变转速下滚动轴承的阶频谱相关(OFSC)域微弱故障特征增强与提取方法。首先,利用变转速下滚动轴承故障信号的角度时间域循环平稳特性,将故障信号转换到阶频谱相关域。然后,采用鲁棒主成分分析(RPCA)的低秩稀疏分解方法,将轴承振动信号的阶频谱相关矩阵分解为表征轴承故障特征的稀疏成分,并去除表征噪声的低秩成分,进一步提高稀疏分量的分辨率。最后对分解出的稀疏分量构建增强包络阶次谱(EEOS)来检测滚动轴承的故障特征。仿真和实验分析验证了该方法对于变转速工况轴承微弱故障特征增强和提取的有效性和鲁棒性。