深圳蔬菜设施栽培与露地生产效益比较研究

通过对深圳市近几年蔬菜设施栽培的基本情况的调查,比较了各种不同设施栽培与露地生产的效果,提出深圳市未来设施栽培可持续发展的对策和措施,为有关职能部门制定菜篮子工程发展规划和更好地搞好深圳市的蔬菜生产提供参考。     

Degumming of crude soybean oil by ultrafiltration using polymeric membranes

In this study, the ability of two ultrafiltration polymeric membranes to perform the degumming of a crude soybean oil/hexane mixture is tested. The performance of both membranes is defined in terms of their permeation flux, permeate color, and rejection of phospholipids. One of the membranes was synthesized in our laboratories from polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF); the other one is a commercially available membrane made of polyimide. The degumming experiments were done in a stirred dead-end ultrafiltration cell pressurized with N₂. Results show that tested membranes are suitable for removing phospholipids from the crude oil/hexane miscella in the range of temperature and transmembrane pressure utilized in this work. Both membranes have high selectivity regarding phospholipids and produce a moderate reduction in permeate color. The PVDF membrane gives permeate fluxes up to threefold larger than those obtained with polyimide membrane at the same operational conditions, making the former more suitable for use at industrial scale.     

Viscosity estimation of triacylglycerols and of some vegetable oils, based on their triacylglycerol composition

The experimentally determined kinematic viscosities of simple triacylglycerols [trilaurin, trimyristin (MMM), tripalmitin (PPP), tristearin (SSS), triolein (OOO), and trilinolein (LiLiLi) were correlated to a modified Andrade-type equation. The constants for the modified equation were derived for each simple triacylglycerol. The method was also used to estimate the viscosity of mixed triacylglycerols [1,2-dimyristoyl-3-palmitoyl (MMP), 1,2-dioleoyl-3-palmitoyl (OOP), 1,2-dimyristoyl-3-oleoyl (MMO), and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-oleoyl (PPO)], binary triacylglycerol mixtures (PPO/OOP, PPP/SSS, and OOO/SSS of different portions), and three types of vegetable oils [refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil; cocoa butter; and canola oil] by applying modified Kay’s rule utilizing the simple triacylglycerol constants derived earlier. In all cases, the estimated values for liquid viscosity were compared with experimental values determined in this work and with previous work from the literature. When applied to vegetable oils, the method requires knowledge of their triacylglycerol composition. Despite its simplicity, the method gives a reasonable estimate. The method may be used to predict the viscosity of different blends of vegetable oils, and the accuracy is expected to increase when more experimental data on simple triacylglycerols become available.     

2015年我国部分地区市售食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素污染调查

目的 对我国8省738份市售食用植物油中4种黄曲霉毒素(AFB₁、AFB₂、AFG₁和AFG₂)污染状况进行调查。方法 首先用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法快速筛检市售食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素,再用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)法对阳性样品中4种黄曲霉毒素的含量进一步确证。结果 食用植物油样品中黄曲霉毒素总量的含量范围在0.06～221.00 μg/kg之间,平均为19.30 μg/kg。4种黄曲霉毒素的污染以AFB₁为主,其检出率为17.21%(127/738),平均含量为16.20 μg/kg。其次是AFB₂、AFG₁和AFG₂。花生油中黄曲霉毒素污染较重,AFB₁超标率为11.57%(25/216)。来自广西的植物油样品中黄曲霉毒素污染较重,AFB₁超标率达19.23%(20/104)。此外,散装植物油中黄曲霉毒素污染含量高于定型包装样品。95.45%(126/132)的阳性样品检出2种或2种以上的黄曲霉毒素。结论 我国食用植物油存在黄曲霉毒素协同污染现象,并以AFB₁为主。花生油、来自广西的植物油样品以及散装食用植物油样品中黄曲霉毒素污染较高,需重点监测并加以监管。     

酶法制备肉味香精及其风味调配的研究

主要研究用酶水解牛肉和大豆蛋白粉制成牛肉水解蛋白和大豆水解蛋白,再添加葡萄糖和半胱氨酸等辅料,利用Maillard反应制备牛肉味香精的主香体,再对其进行调香,确定能产生逼真、浓郁牛肉香味的最佳配方。     

反胶束溶液同时萃取油和蛋白质的工艺研究

对AOT/异辛烷体系同时萃取大豆中的油和蛋白质进行了研究.实验结果表明蛋白质的萃取率受萃取时间、水溶液的pH值、盐浓度、AOT浓度的影响,与传统制油工艺比较,油的萃取效果基本不变.正交实验分析表明,前萃的最佳条件为萃取时间90min,盐浓度0.1mol/L,pH值5.0,AOT浓度6g/50ml异辛烷.     

水解植物蛋白(HVP)的酶法制备及应用

利用胰蛋白酶水解豆粕粉来制备植物水解蛋白（HVP），确定了胰蛋白酶的最佳水解条件为：T=55℃，PH=8.0,E/S=2600u/g，固液比1：8，水解6h。得到了收率高，水溶性好的HVP。还举例说明了酶解HVP液在调味品方面的应用。     

Optimization of physical and mechanical properties of rubber compounds by a response surface methodological approach

Response surface methodology was used for optimizing the ratio of vegetable oil and carbon black and occluded volume fraction of rubber in the compound. Central composite design for two variables was chosen as the experimental design. The data obtained from measurement of properties was fitted as a two variable second-order equation, and were plotted as contours using software developed from MATLAB v.5.1. From contours it is observed that at the ratio of 0.06 of vegetable oil and carbon black, there is maximum coupling, and a further increment in vegetable oil and carbon black ratio shows less coupling and more plasticizing effect. The ultimate failure properties like tensile and tear strength and elongation decreases with an increase in occluded volume fraction, reaches a minima at the central region, followed by an increase, whereas 300% modulus and hardness decreases throughout.© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc, J Appl Polym Sci 82: 997-1005, 2001     

应用氢化物原子荧光法同时测定蔬菜中的砷和汞

采用氢化物发生-原子荧光法同时测定蔬菜中的砷和汞，具有操作简便，灵敏度高、准确度高、基体干扰少、节省试剂等特点。方法的回收率为：砷87．25％-113．15％，汞89．0％-106．5％；检出限为：砷0．13μg／L，汞0．009μg／L；线性范围为：砷0．5-150μg／L，汞0．2-50μg／L；相关系数达0．9995以上。