电子束辐照对新疆干果品质的影响及其最高耐受剂量的确定

目的 探究电子束辐照对4种新疆干果品质的影响,确定干果辐照工艺的最高耐受剂量。方法 采用0、2、4、6、8和10 kGy不同剂量电子束处理枸杞干、红枣干、无花果干、小白杏干,研究不同辐照剂量对水分、维生素C、总酸、总糖4种理化指标及色度、外观、风味、色泽和口感等5种感官品质的影响。结果 仅8 kGy辐照处理对枸杞干口感指标有不良影响,其他3种干果的感官指标几乎不受辐照处理的影响; 10 kGy以内的辐照处理对红枣干的品质无不良影响;无花果干的总酸含量在辐照剂量>6kGy时有所上升,维生素C含量在10 kGy处理时显著低于对照;辐照剂量≥6 kGy时,小白杏干维生素C含量显著降低。结论 通过对电子束辐照新疆干果的品质影响及最高耐受辐照剂量的研究,确定枸杞干、红枣干、无花果干和小白杏干的最高耐受剂量分别是8、10、6和6 kGy。为电子束辐照在新疆干果灭菌工艺中的应用提供了理论基础。     

水驱低渗透非均质砂岩油藏开发效果评价指标

水驱低渗透非均质砂岩油藏在国内外广泛分布,对于这类非常规储层低渗透油田开发效果评价,需要有一套规范的评价指标,以利于总结这类油田的研究成果,指导同类油田下一步调整挖潜。大王北油田大48井区为典型的水驱低渗透非均质砂岩储层,以大王北油田大48井区为例,提出水驱低渗透非均质砂岩油藏7类8项开发效果评价指标,以期能够对开发效果进行客观合理评价,适时监测油田开发动态,从而为全面了解油藏开发状况,进行下一步调整挖潜服务。同时为国内外开发同类性质的油田提供经验。     

Deep Resequencing of 9 Candidate Genes Identifies a Role for ARAP1 and IGF2BP2 in Modulating Insulin Secretion Adjusted for Insulin Resistance in Obese Southern Europeans

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by impairment in insulin secretion, with an established genetic contribution. We aimed to evaluate common and low-frequency (1–5%) variants in nine genes strongly associated with insulin secretion by targeted sequencing in subjects selected from the extremes of insulin release measured by the disposition index. Collapsing data by gene and/or function, the association between disposition index and nonsense variants were significant, also after adjustment for confounding factors (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.11–0.59, p = 0.001). Evaluating variants individually, three novel variants in ARAP1, IGF2BP2 and GCK, out of eight reaching significance singularly, remained associated after adjustment. Constructing a genetic risk model combining the effects of the three variants, only carriers of the ARAP1 and IGF2BP2 variants were significantly associated with a reduced probability to be in the lower, worst, extreme of insulin secretion (OR = 0.223, 95% CI = 0.105–0.473, p < 0.001). Observing a high number of normal glucose tolerance between carriers, a regression posthoc analysis was performed. Carriers of genetic risk model variants had higher probability to be normoglycemic, also after adjustment (OR = 2.411, 95% CI = 1.136–5.116, p = 0.022). Thus, in our southern European cohort, nonsense variants in all nine candidate genes showed association with better insulin secretion adjusted for insulin resistance, and we established the role of ARAP1 and IGF2BP2 in modulating insulin secretion.     

电加热板加热法测定水中高锰酸盐指数研究

为解决国标酸性高锰酸钾滴定法测定水中高锰酸盐指数加热时间长、上样数量少、起始时间难判断、试验过程观察不直观的问题,在环境温度 26℃下使用电加热板替代水浴锅进行加热,设定 200℃加热 7min,可高效准确测定水中高锰酸盐指数。加热时间由 30min 缩短为 7min,上样数量由 6 个增加到 12 个,起始时间明确,试验过程易观察。电加热板加热法大幅度提高了试验效率,并使得试验过程更加直观,试验条件更加可控。     

用C++语言从积分法中求反应级数的研究

反应级数的确定在化学反应动力学研究中非常重要,目前很多方法能求反应级数。本文直接从反应级数的积分通项公式出发,采用相对误差的平方和最小进行非线性拟合,突破了不同数量级数据之间难以拟合的界限,是拟合上的一个突破。并用C 语言动态分配内存编程求反应级数,包括整数级和小数级。最后用6个例子说明本方法的正确性。     

Classification and identification of gas–liquid dispersion states in a jet bubbling reactor

Three gas–liquid dispersion states including flooding, loading, and complete dispersion are observed sequentially in a jet bubbling reactor with an increase of the liquid jet velocity at the nozzle outlet (u_j). The gas–liquid dispersion states are identified through the slope (k) of the curve of fluctuation distribution index (FI) versus u_j as follows: (a) under the flooding, k = 0; (b) under the loading, k > 0; (c) under the complete dispersion, k < 0. In particular, the u_j at the transition points from flooding to loading and from loading to complete dispersion are referred to flooding jet velocity (u_jf, the transition point between k = 0 and k > 0) and complete dispersion jet velocity (u_jcd, the transition point from k > 0 to k < 0), respectively. The average relative deviations of the u_j at the transition points obtained through the acoustic emission measurement and visual observation are less than 5%.     

Thermal history and its implications: A case study for ion exchange

Glasses containing monovalent species can be chemically strengthened by the replacement of smaller ions in the glass with larger external ions in the near glass surface. This type of ion exchange puts glass surface under high compressive stress (CS). Glass mainly fails from tension with the presence of surface flaws. Chemical strengthening can change the stress at the flaw tip from tension to compression and further stop the flaw from propagating. Glass damage resistance is therefore significantly improved. For the same glass composition, glass thermal histories can affect the magnitude and depth of the CS generated during ion exchange. In this study, the impact of thermal history on glass physical properties and ion exchange attributes in one alkali-containing glass formed by fusion draw process was investigated. Multiple thermal treatments were done to rewrite the glass thermal histories. Glass density, refractive index, and ion-exchange properties as a function of the thermal treatment were studied. It is concluded that ion exchange-related properties change dramatically with the glass thermal history.     

低剂量X射线辐射对BALB/C小鼠免疫系统的影响

为评估低剂量辐射对健康机体产生的生物学风险,检测了低剂量X射线照射对BALB／C小鼠免疫系统的影响。采用X射线全身照射,剂量分别为0、0．39、0．55和1Gy,剂量率为0．2Gy／min,照射24h后取血及器官,用流式细胞仪检测免疫细胞周期和凋亡的变化,用重量法得到胸腺和脾脏指数。发现照射后小鼠的外周血淋巴细胞、胸腺细胞和脾脏淋巴细胞的周期被阻滞在G0—G1期;外周血淋巴细胞和胸腺细胞的凋亡比例随剂量的增大而增大,但是脾脏淋巴细胞的凋亡随着剂量的增大而减小;胸腺和脾脏指数随着剂量的增大而减小。故低剂量x射线全身照射可引起试验动物的免疫细胞周期和凋亡比例发生变化,对其造成一定的损伤;对小鼠免疫系统的影响因器官而异。本实验可为辐射防护提供实验依据。     

一种基于理想区间数和熵的多指标评价法

利用评价人员对待评方案给出的区间数评价值与理想区间数之间的差异和指标权系数的随机性, 给出一种新的多指标评价方法。利用优化方法建立数学模型,以实际评价值与理想评价值之间的差异和最小化与权系数熵的最大化为优化目标,用拉格朗日乘子法给出模型的最优解,得到指标权系数。该方法能够结合评价人员的主观意志和客观事实,精确确定各指标的权系数。     

型钢混凝土柱抗震性态水平及极限状态的讨论

文章在总结国内外SRC柱试验研究资料的基础上,得出SRC柱四个性能水平极限状态对应的位移角限值的分布范围。介绍了SRC柱的主要破坏过程,提出了失效判别参数和标准。讨论了轴压比、剪跨比、配箍率、配钢率四个参数对SRC柱位移角限值的影响。针对现有SRC柱抗震性能存在的问题,结合性能抗震设计理念,提出SRC柱基于性能抗震设计尚需深入研究的问题,为真正实现SRC结构基于性能的抗震设计提供理论依据。