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本文把与井简直接连通的大裂缝及井筒定义为“裂缝—井筒系统”,通过气体状态方程的变换和续流总量的计算,探索出井底大裂缝的容积及其储量的计算方法。     

冶炼工艺对GH871合金涡轮盘韧性的影响

研究了AIM ESR和VIM ESR两种冶炼工艺对GH871合金涡轮盘三种韧性指标的影响,结果表明:冶炼工艺对该合金在室温、650℃拉伸和缺口冲击韧性影响较小,采用VIM ESR冶炼工艺可以显著提高GH871合金在700℃拉伸韧性和I型裂纹平面应变的断裂韧性。     

基于孔隙压力黏结单元的准脆性材料水力劈裂模拟

传统数值方法对水力劈裂的模拟一般采用预设裂缝扩展路径,且将水流作用等效为压力荷载,难以反映裂缝渗流-开裂耦合效应. 采用自编程Python脚本程序批量插入孔隙压力黏结单元,考虑裂缝渗流-开裂耦合作用模拟准脆性材料水力劈裂随机扩展全过程. 在对经典理论模型及试验结果模拟验证的基础上,开展含多裂缝均质模型的水力劈裂全过程分析,并进一步建立混凝土细观尺度水力劈裂模型,分析骨料、界面过渡区和基体渗透性对混凝土劈裂全过程的影响. 结果表明,本研究模型可以有效模拟准脆性材料水力劈裂失效过程,准脆性材料多缝开裂过程伴随微裂缝的分叉扩展而非光滑的裂缝扩展路径,骨料及界面过渡区影响劈裂扩展路径造成裂缝分叉出现,混凝土基体的渗透性对其抵抗水力劈裂不利并影响失效软化过程.     

AN EXPERIMENTAL-NUMERICAL METHOD FOR MEASURING CRACK PROPAGATING VELOCITIES UNDER STRESS WAVE LOADING

An experimental-numerical method for measuring dynamic crack propagating velocities under stress wave loading is established in this paper. The experiments of the three-point bend specimen are done on the improved Hopkinson bar. Deflection of loading point, dynamic load and instantaneous crack length are measured, then crack propagating velocities are calculated. Experiments on 40Cr steel show that the results given by this method have a good agreement with that obtained by the resistance fracture gage method. Therefore this method is feasible for measuring crack propagating velocities under high loading rate and will have wide application.     

Crack initiation and propagation induced by inclusions in a nickel-base P/M superalloy under fatigue load

1 IntroductionRecently the key components in advanced aircraftengines are widely made of nickel-base P/M super-alloy. However, non-metallic inclusions are intro-duced into this material during powder metallurgyprocessing. In industry, although many method…     

Carbon segregation and inclusions effects on surface fracture morphology of a 12% chromium stainless steel

Martensitic 12% chromium stainless steel is generally used for the manufacture of water vapour turbine blades. This material, under these environmental conditions, develops fatigue corrosion with failure as a result of the segregation of certain constituent elements such as phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S),^[1–3] or the presence of some types of inclusions.^[2–4] To be able to understand and explain these phenomena, in situ characterization of the fractured surfaces were performed for two types of samples: steel 1 as manufactured turbine material whose fracture mode is intergranular and steel 2 issued from last stage turbine blades after 100 000 h service at 40 °C whose fracture mode is transgranular. The techniques used for characterization were scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with the x-ray analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The Auger results enabled the understanding of the brittle to ductile transition for the material by showing the simultaneous diffusion of carbon from grain boundaries (GB) to grains (G) and chromium from G to GB. Furthermore, the heavy segregation of phosphorus at the GBs could explain the intergranular crack rupture traces observed in steel 2. SEM observations coupled with EDS analysis showed the presence of different types of non-metallic inclusions such as silicon-based complex inclusions and manganese sulfides (MnS). The presence of silicon-based complex inclusions at GB could explain the intergranular fracture mode previously reported. The characterization of the fracture appearance suggests also that MnS inclusions can act as nucleation sites for secondary microcracks at the GB level that were observed after service.     

两坐标数控立式铣削欠切现象及其防止

在两坐标数控立铣削加工中,欠切是常见的异常加工现象,严重的影响了加工质量及加工效率。文中将欠切现象归纳为工艺系统引起的欠切、数控系统功能引起的欠切、工艺安排及编程引起的欠切三个大类,分析了十五种主要欠切形成的原因,并提出了控制欠切的措施。     

原位反应自发渗透法TiC／AZ91D镁基复合材料及AZ91D镁合金的拉伸变形与断裂行为

利用原位反应自发渗透技术合成了47．5％碳化钛TiC（体积分数，下同）增强AZ91D镁基复合材料，对比研究了该复合材料与铸态镁合金AZ91D基体的室温与高温拉伸变形行为，观察了拉伸断口微观组织形貌，并分析了这两种材料的断裂特征。结果表明，TiC／Mg复合材料具有良好的高温力学性能，在拉伸变形速率为0．001s^-1以及温度为723K，时其拉伸强度可达91．1MPa，而此时相同变形条件下的铸态AZ91D镁合金拉伸断裂强度只有41．1MPa，增幅达120％。而在室温下，镁基复合材料的拉伸断裂强度仅高出基体铸态镁合金23．4％。镁基复合材料的断裂应变较低，高低温时均表现为脆性断裂；而镁合金则由室温下的脆性断裂向高温下的韧性断裂过渡。     

1.4%C超高碳钢显微组织与疲劳性能的研究

对1．4％C超高碳钢试样热处理后的疲劳极限与断裂韧性进行测定，观察了显微组织与试样断口。结果表明，经950℃淬火700℃回火热处理后，又经860℃正火处理，试验用钢的组织结构超细化且碳化物弥散均匀分布，获得良好的综合强度与韧性及较高的疲劳极限，断裂强度较40CrNiMo调质态提高48％，屈服强度提高15％，延性指标相当，是一种优良的结构钢材料。     

STUDY ON THE TENSILE FATIGUE DAMAGE OF QUASI—ISOTROPIC COMPOSITE LAMINATES

Quasi-isotropic. laminates have isotropic elastic properties in all in-plane directions. Therefore, this kind of laminate is widely used for structural elements. The simplest stacking sequence of quasi-isotropic laminates is [0/-60/60]s. When the direction of applied axial load to [0/-60/60]s laminate is inclined at a 30-degree angle, we have the other quasi-isotropic laminate [30/-30/90]s under axial load. The failure mechanisms of these two laminates are, however, entirely different from each other because these two laminates have different distribution of the interlaminar stresses. It was confirmed by tensile fatigue tests that the [0/-60/60]s laminate does not show any visible fatigue damage, but the [30/-30/90]s laminate develops edge-delamination during cyclic loading. The analytical results were in good agreement with the experimental results.