长庆上古生界气层CO2增能压裂工艺

长庆上古气藏物性差,压力系数低,水锁伤害大,采用常规水力压裂,入井液返排困难,气井产量低。在储层改造地质研究的基础上,通过对CO2泡沫压裂技术进行室内攻关,引进开发了CO2泡沫压裂酸性交联技术,优化了CO2泡沫方案设计及现场施工工艺,配套了CO2增能压裂工艺技术。经过现场应用,充分说明了CO2增能压裂是一项行之有效的工艺技术,对于提高单井产量和长庆气田整体开发水平都是有益的。     

大型钢制立式储罐的导链式倒装法施工

介绍了导链式倒装法安装大型钢制立式储罐的原理及制作工艺流程。     

VTI介质中弹性参数地震反演方法

根据地震波在具有垂直对称轴的横向各向同性（VTI）介质中的运动学特征，应用传播时间反演方法，进行了水平层状VTI介质的地层弹性参数反演方法研究。在VTI介质中，P－P波的传播时间曲线不再是双曲线，尤其在长排列情况下，已不能用二项泰勒展式精确地反演P－P波的传播时间，用三项泰勒展式则可以达到更高精度；P－SV波的传播时间也可用三项泰勒展式表达，在中等及短排列长度时可达到一定精神。对P－P波、P－SV波的传播时间进行三项泰勒展开时，它们的系数中包含了地震波的各向异性信息及垂直速度信息，中以为地震波的弹性参数反演提供提供基础，模试验分析及江苏油田某地区的二维多波资料实际反演结果表明，在最大炮间距为1．5倍地层埋深时，可以很精确地得到三项泰勒展式的系数，应用这些系数能精确反演地层弹性参数，包括P波、S波的垂直速度和各向异性参数。图4表1参5（杜丽英摘）     

Rapid determination of the fracture toughness of metallic materials using circumferentially notched bars

Three types of material whose fracture toughness tests were previously performed by using circumferentially notched bars, namely (1) a dual-phase steel with three different morphologies; (2) an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-wrought alloy; and (3) Al-Si-cast alloys with three different Si contents, were investigated in terms of accuracy and reliability of the testing method. Also, the advantages of using circumferentially notched bars for fracture toughness determination of metallic materials were discussed. With the help of stress concentration factors, which are associated with the bluntness of the notch, correction factors for the fracture toughness calculations are derived. The corrected fracture toughness values are found to be close to the uncorrected ones, implying that the testing procedure is reliable.     

集成压裂机组研制

针对我国油田特定区决施工特点，通过对油田现用设备使用情况的分析和具体区决施工参数的统计，提出了集成压裂机组研制内容和配置，研制开发了集成压裂机组。产品结合了2000型压裂泵输出功率大、压力和排量覆盖范围合理的条件，集成了压裂车、混砂车、管汇车和仪表车的功能，实现了单台设备完成试压、压裂、酸化、防砂等多种施工流程，改变了常规施工作业设备种类和人员多、操作指挥复杂的施工模式，为油田提供了适合工艺要求的设备。     

带纵向槽筒形件拉深方法的研究

针对传境拉深带纵向槽筒形件的方法的缺点,采用一次拉深成形的方法,并通过试验和计算获得毛坯的形状和尺寸。     

金线断口的分析

运用扫描电子显微镜技术，对金线断口观察分析，讨论金线在拉伸过程中断裂时断口形貌及断裂的原因，发现，断裂是由于金锭中的气体和杂质引起的，并提出改进生产工艺的意见。     

Microstructure-related fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth behaviour in toughened, anhydride-cured epoxy resins

Fracture toughness and fatigue crack propagation (FCP) of plain and modified anhydride-cured epoxy resin (EP) were studied at ambient temperature. Liquid carboxyl-terminated acrylonitrile-butadiene (CTBN) and silicon (SI) rubber dispersions were used as tougheners for the EP. The morphology of the modified EP was characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fracture toughness, K_c, of the compositions decreased with increasing deformation rate. K_c of the EP was slightly improved by CTBN addition and practically unaffected by incorporation of the SI dispersion when tests were performed at low cross-head speed, v. Both modifiers improved K_c at high v, and also the resistance to FCP, by shifting the curves to higher stress intensity factor ranges, ΔK, by comparison with the plain EP. It was established that both fracture and fatigue performance rely on the compliance, J_R, at the rubbery plateau, and thus on the apparent molecular mass between crosslinks, M_c. The failure mechanisms were less dependent upon the loading mode (fracture, fatigue), but differed basically for the various modifiers. Rubber-induced cavitation and shear yielding of the EP were dominant for CTBN, whereas crack bifurcation and branching controlled the cracking in SI-modified EP. The simultaneous use of both modifiers resulted in a synergistic effect for both the fracture toughness at high deformation rate and the FCP behavior.     

The combined effects of curing and environmental exposure on fracture properties of woven carbon/epoxy laminates

This paper concerns a study of the combined effects of curing conditions and environmental exposure on the ultimate properties of two commercial woven carbon/epoxy laminates. Curing parameters (heating rate and applied pressure) were varied so as to obtain six different conditions for each material. Moisture saturation was also achieved by exposing some of the cured samples to environmental conditions of 70°C and 95% relative humidity. Four different tests (tensile, impact, Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture resistance) were therefore performed, and the results obtained on the different materials before and after moisture saturation compared. Neither curing pressure nor heating rate nor moisture absorption were observed to have any practical effect on tensile and impact properties. On the contrary, one noticeable effect was the interlaminar fracture resistance of the laminates. The results are discussed and interpreted in terms of damage formation and stress intensification mechanisms.     

Failure of Al-Mg-Si alloys in bending

The bendability of two Al-Mg-Si heat-treatable alloys was studied and compared with the performance of a non-heat-treatable Al-Mg alloy. A semi-guided wrap-bend tester consistent with ASTM E290 was used to obtain minimum bend radii and produce consistent bend radii for analysis of fracture mechanisms. Bending failure in these alloys was based on a surface roughening, or orange peel, process where the outer surface grains separated and produced depressions on the surface of the material. These depressions acted as notches that increased local stresses and eventually caused failure. The fracture was intergranular in nature, with a jagged crack progressing through the thickness of the material. Several factors that affect the bendability of AA6xxx alloys are quantified in this study. Critical elements regarding natural aging, artificial aging, deformation, and composition are discussed. A parameter of specific interest is the inclusion of copper in these alloys. Copper was added in an effort to increase the artificial aging response of selected alloys. This is of particular importance in the automotive industry because artificial aging occurs during the painting process, but adequate time and temperature is not provided to fully strengthen the alloys. It is believed by some automotive manufacturers that the inclusion of copper can have a negative effect on formability and bendability.