CO2 miscible flooding in low permeability sandstone reservoirs and its influence on crude oil properties

Miscible CO₂ injection process has become widely used technique for the enhanced oil recovery in low permeability reservoirs. Core flooding experiments and field test of CO₂ miscible flooding in low permeability sandstone reservoirs and its influence on crude oil properties was studied. The results showed that CO₂ miscible flooding in low permeability sandstone reservoirs can enhance oil recovery both in laboratory study and field test. The permeability of sandstone reservoirs decreased during CO₂ miscible flooding due to the precipitation of asphaltene of crude oil. The precipitation of asphaltene lead to a reduction of asphaltene content and the apparent viscosity of crude oil. A further study on inhibitors and removers for asphaltene deposits from crude oil should be investigated to prevent and remove asphaltene deposits in low permeability sandstone reservoirs.     

改性聚酰胺-胺阴离子树状聚合物的性能研究

研究了改性聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)阴离子树状聚合物的特性黏数([η])、热稳定性和絮凝性能。实验结果表明,该类树状聚合物的[η]随代数的增加先增大后减小,出现一个极大值。PAMAM/丙烯酸钠(SAA)、含聚氧乙烯(PEO)链端的PAMAM/SAA(PAMAM/SAA/PEO)阴离子树状聚合物的[η]极大值分别出现在第4.0代附近、第5.0~6.0代附近;随PEO相对分子质量的增加,PAMAM/SAA/PEO阴离子树状聚合物的[η]减小。热分析结果表明,改性PAMAM阴离子树状聚合物具有逐层热分解行为,热稳定性与分子外围端基有关,PAMAM/SAA/PEO阴离子树状聚合物具有更好的热稳定性,最大热失重速率对应的温度可达388℃。改性PAMAM阴离子树状聚合物具有一定的絮凝性能,絮凝性能随代数、PEO链长的增加而增强;改性PAMAM阴离子树状聚合物的最佳浓度为30m g/L(不是所有的改性PAMAM阴离子树状聚合物的最佳浓度都是30m g/L),上层清液的透光率达85%以上。     

Calculation of heavy oil viscosity in high water cut stage

The commonly used heavy oil viscosity models are just for low water cut stage, but they have some limitations when the viscosity of other oil samples is calculated in high water cut stage, this paper presents a new and simple method in high water cut stage to predict the viscosity of heavy oil, which can measure the viscosity of heavy oil by the temperature under the condition of different water cut. Compared with the commonly used model, the new model has the small computation error and can be tested in practices in calculating the viscosity of similar oilfields in high water cut stage.     

A viscosity bio-reducer for extra-heavy crude oil

Considering that high viscosity of extra-heavy crudes is related to the formation of a dispersed phase of asphaltenes, a dynamic interaction model is proposed which explains the mechanism to achieve viscosity reduction based on the molecular interacting energies between the ester active principle of a viscosity bio-reducer and the asphaltene fraction of crude oil. A qualitative comparison is made between the theoretical and experimental results observed in relation to the rheological behavior of Mexican extra-heavy crudes in the presence of the enhancer. Both, theoretical and experimental data, described a decrease in the asphaltenes dispersed fraction in relation to the ester concentration mainly because of polarity in asphaltenic crudes.     

Applying FCM-ANFIS algorithm as a novel computational method for prediction of viscosity of bitumen and heavy alkane mixture

Recently the studies expressed that the noticeable number of oil reservoirs in all over the world are heavy oil and bitumen reservoirs. So the importance of enhancement of oil recovery (EOR) processes for heavy oil and bitumen reservoirs is highlighted. The Dilution of the reservoir fluid by solvents such as tetradecane is one of well-known methods for these types of reservoirs which effects oil recovery by decreasing viscosity. In the present study, Fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm was coupled with Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to predict viscosity of bitumen and tetradecane in terms of temperature, pressure and weight percent of tetradecane. The coefficients of determination for training and testing steps were calculated such as 0.9914 and 0.9613. The comparison of results and experimental data expressed that FCM-ANFIS algorithm has great potential for estimation of viscosity of bitumen and tetradecane.     

A rapid method for interfacial tension calculation between rock plug and crude oil based on contact angles,application for EOR

Interfacial tension and contact angle are two specific important parameters to take decisions for enhanced oil recovery, for instance, proper chemicals to use for surface tension reduction, expected wettability of solids, interaction between crude oil and rock. For this purpose, the article presents a method for easy calculation of the solid-liquid interfacial tension based on contact angle measurements applying Neumann's correlation and Young's equation. The main idea stands on the calculation of the rock parameters, like wettability, with known substances and extend these results to crude oils. It was possible, based on the results obtained, to establish a relationship between solid-liquid interfacial tension and contact angle for the crude oil – rock system, which can definitively be used for the calculation of interfacial tension of any other fluid spread out on the same kind of rock. A linear regression was obtained with an accuracy as good as R² = 0.9989. Viscosity as a function of contact angle could also be obtained for the studied crude oils in the same kind of rock.     

一种油溶性稠油降粘剂的室内研制

以丙烯酸十八酯、苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐为单体,通过调节单体比,合成了几种油溶性多元聚合物。对河南油田的稠油油样的降粘效果进行对比,确定了以丙烯酸十八酯、苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐的单体比分别为4：1：3：0：0和8：8：0：3：0,合成的共聚物对河南油田稠油有很好的降粘效果,同时测定了加量、增加温度、脱水方式对降粘效果的影响,得到了一种对河南油田经过不同脱水方式的油样均有很好降粘效果的降粘剂。     

乙烯装置急冷油系统减粘剂的研究

简单介绍了乙烯装置急冷油系统的工艺流程及传统的急冷油减粘方法。通过对急冷油和急冷油系统结垢物组成的分析,探讨了急冷油粘度增长的原因。合成了适用于乙烯装置急冷油系统的新型减粘剂BI—01。考察结果表明,该减粘剂具有较好的减粘效果。     

植物油、脂肪酸和植物油甲酯在塔河稠油掺稀降黏中的应用评价

稠油由于富含沥青质、胶质等重质组分而具有很高的黏度，给稠油的开采和运输带来了很大的困难。降低稠油黏度进而改善其流动性成为一项十分重要的工作。以植物油、脂肪酸及植物油甲酯为掺稀介质，以塔河油田稠油为研究对象，考察对比了3种不同的掺稀介质对稠油的掺稀降黏效果。研究结果表明，3种掺稀介质对稠油具有良好的掺稀降黏效果，在同一掺稀比下，植物油甲酯对稠油的降黏效果最显著，其次是脂肪酸，再次是植物油。通过斑点试验考察了掺稀介质和稠油的相容性和体系稳定性。结果显示，植物油甲酯与稠油相容性和稳定性最好，脂肪酸和植物油与稠油的相容性和稳定性相对较差。