低速边棱音的振动特征

边棱音是一种复杂的流体动力学现象,通过数值模拟研究边棱音发声系统在射流不稳定情况下的发声特性。研究了射流速度低于湍流速度的不同流速下,簧片尖端以及两侧的旋涡、压力、速度的分布和压力特性。模拟结果显示:射流具有明显的抖动特性,在簧片两侧形成涡街、压力交替分布,基于出现的现象,初步探讨了簧片振动产生边棱音的机理。     

Three-dimensional vortex wake structure of flapping wings in hovering flight

Flapping wings continuously create and send vortices into their wake, while imparting downward momentum into the surrounding fluid. However, experimental studies concerning the details of the three-dimensional vorticity distribution and evolution in the far wake are limited. In this study, the three-dimensional vortex wake structure in both the near and far field of a dynamically scaled flapping wing was investigated experimentally, using volumetric three-component velocimetry. A single wing, with shape and kinematics similar to those of a fruitfly, was examined. The overall result of the wing action is to create an integrated vortex structure consisting of a tip vortex (TV), trailing-edge shear layer (TESL) and leading-edge vortex. The TESL rolls up into a root vortex (RV) as it is shed from the wing, and together with the TV, contracts radially and stretches tangentially in the downstream wake. The downwash is distributed in an arc-shaped region enclosed by the stretched tangential vorticity of the TVs and the RVs. A closed vortex ring structure is not observed in the current study owing to the lack of well-established starting and stopping vortex structures that smoothly connect the TV and RV. An evaluation of the vorticity transport equation shows that both the TV and the RV undergo vortex stretching while convecting downwards: a three-dimensional phenomenon in rotating flows. It also confirms that convection and secondary tilting and stretching effects dominate the evolution of vorticity.     

SY/T 6658-2006《用旋进旋涡流量计测量天然气流量》修订建议

旋进旋涡流量计在天然气销售终端计量领域应用较多,随着计量技术和流量计现场使用经验的积累,以及国家实施天然气能量计量的迫切性,有必要对SY/T 6658-2006《用旋进旋涡流量计测量天然气流量》进行修订。对比分析了旋进旋涡流量计国内外有关标准主要技术条款存在的差异,试验测得渐缩管和弯管后不同直管段长度安装时旋进旋涡流量计最大测量性能偏差可达-0.7%。建议对SY/T 6658-2006进行修订时,在准确度等级和重复性要求,以及实流校准要求方面与国家有关技术标准条款进行统一,完善安装工艺要求和扰流测试评价要求,增加能量计量的显示、输出功能和流量计修正系数方法等。     

水平旋流内消能泄洪洞结构应力分析研究

根据水平旋流内消能泄洪洞水力特性,旋转水流在水平旋流洞内形成的非均匀内水压力沿程变幅大,各部位结构受力差异大,不便于结构设计.该文利用有限元软件对水平旋流洞典型断面进行有限元分析,计算其应力分布,结合加筋和运行期放空的情况进行对比,分析其应力的分布特点和影响因素.结果表明,水平旋流洞末端的阻塞在减缓水平洞流速的同时,会引起局部应力增大,应考虑加环向钢筋等措施;当环向钢筋不能有效降低结构应力值时,可考虑设置钢衬或采用高标号混凝土,既可以提高隧洞的结构抗力,又可以起到防止和减轻空蚀的作用.     

Topological evolution of laminar juncture flows under different critical parameters

Horseshoe vortex topological structure has been studied extensively in the past, traditional “saddle of separation” and new “attachment saddle point” topologies found in literature both have theoretical basis and experimental and computational evidences for support. The laminar incompressible juncture flows at low Reynolds numbers especially are observed to have new topology. Studies concerning the existence of the new topology though found in literature, the topological evolution and its dependency on various critical flow parameters require further investigation. A Particle Image Velocimetry based analysis is carried out to observe the effect of aspect ratio, δ*/D and shape of the obstacle on laminar horseshoe vortex topology for small obstacles. Rise in aspect ratio evolves the topology from the traditional to new for all the cases observed. The circular cross section obstacles are found more apt to having the new topology compared to square cross sections. It is noted that the sweeping effect of the fluid above the vortex system in which horseshoe vortex is immersed plays a critical role in this evolution. Topological evolution is observed not only in the most upstream singular point region of horseshoe vortex system but also in the corner region. The corner vortex topology evolves from the traditional type to new one before the topological evolution of the most upstream singular point, resulting in a new topological pattern of the laminar juncture flows “separation-attachment combination”. The study may help extend the understanding of the three-dimensional boundary layer separation phenomenon.     

A modeling method of microburst based on multiple vortex ring

Microburst is a special kind of low-level wind shear, which may do great damage to aircrafts. Modelling of a microburst is significant for flight simulations. In this paper we adopt multiple vortex ring principle to model microburst and propose a new parameter selection method of multiple vortex ring model. We treat the parameters selection as an optimization problem, and introduce the differential evolution algorithm into it. A nested differential evolution algorithm is proposed to complete the two optimization process, objective optimization and intermediate optimization. The simulation results show that this method can flexibly generate microburst with any maximum wind velocity.     

三角形小翼纵向涡发生器的流动换热

探究了加装三角形小翼纵向涡发生器的H形翅片换热流动特性.模拟结果显示,随着来流速度的增加,回流区里的气流温度逐渐升高;随着雷诺数的增加,压力损失、努谢尔数增大,进出口温差、欧拉数、换热因子和综合性能都减小.随着攻角的增大,加装纵向涡发生器的单H形翅片的进出口温差、压力损失、努谢尔数、欧拉数和换热因子都增大,而综合性能先增大后减小.     

涡流式竖井溢洪道研究述评

近几年国内许多单位开展了溢洪道内消能工的研究，内容包括孔板消能工、空腔消能工、阶梯消能工、同轴反向内消能工、单向涡旋内消能工等．对涡流式竖井消能工的研究也比较集中，其所具有的良好的水力特性和消能效果受到工程界的重视．传统的泄流方式在高水头、大流量、高流速运行条件下，会受到空化空蚀及流动失稳等问题的困扰，修建涡流式竖井泄洪洞是解决上述难点的有效方法之一．由于它的综合消能率在５０％以上，能有效地降低洞内流速，因而选用涡流式竖井溢洪道不失为将导流洞改建成泄洪洞或单独修建泄洪洞的较佳选择．     

旋流燃烧器的冷态试验研究

通过轴向可动叶轮旋流燃烧器改造方案的冷态模拟试验，给出了冷态空气动力场的测量结果．对测量结果进行了有益的讨论，得到的结论对旋流燃烧器的改造提供了基本依据     

Effect of Vortex Restructuring on Heat Transfer in an “Inverted” Flame

The papers deals with formation of vortex structures during combustion of a fuel gas–air mixture injected vertically down through a hole in a flat plate. It has been established that the shape, position, and number of vortex cells are determined by the flow rate and composition of the fuel mixture. It is shown that as the flow rate increases from the minimum critical value for which a vortex structure arises, the number of vortex cells decreases from five or six to one. A further increase in the gas flow rate leads to transition to turbulence of the combustion product flow. The presence of a vortex structure increases the critical Reynolds number at which the flow becomes turbulent. Reverse transition to the structure with an increased number of vortex cells occurs with a delay in the gas flow rate (gas discharge hysteresis). Variation in flow rate is accompanied by bifurcation of the number of vortex cells.