基于致动线模型的风力机尾流场数值模拟

本文基于致动线模型求解三维Navier-Stokes方程的方法,对NTNU的"BlindTest1"风力机尾流场进行了数值模拟。该方法避免了求解实际叶片的表面边界层,无需使用动网格,从而大大降低了网格量和计算时间,非常适用于尾流场的模拟。该文所有计算均基于OpenFOAM自定义的求解器ALMpisoFoam。推力和功率的计算值与实验值吻合得很好,验证了求解器的正确性。3个典型叶尖速比下的轴向诱导因子、湍动能和尾涡结构等也在文中进行了简要分析。     

Increase of the Density of the Silver Image during Storage after Processing

The light-sensitive layer consists of iron (III) acctylacetonate which is embedded into the polymer Saran. Image dots of 10 μm size are generated by the irradiation with a focused laser beam. They are sharp edged and black and appear on a bright, transparent background. The required exposure per dot amounts to approximately 250 mJ/cm². A specimen of type was recorded at a rate of 1000 lines/min, without any after-treatment being necessary.     

供热电厂蒸汽流量仪表的改造探讨

本文探讨了浙江浙能长兴发电有限公司蒸汽流量仪表的应用现状、存在问题及原因分析,并从两种主要流量仪表的选型比较中得到改造思路,实施后降低了热网流量损耗,提高了收益.     

Experimental investigation on flow improvement in compressor cascades

There is no general rule in the literature to help choose a correct flow control device for any given case of turbomachinery applications. This suggests individual optimization of flow control devices for each specific case. The objective of this study is to prove experimentally the benefits of passive control methods in improving the compressor performance. This allows to reduce the fuel consumption, leading to energy saving and reduction of atmospheric pollution. Two features have been controlled in this study: flow separation over the blade surfaces and the secondary flow over the cascade endwalls. Vortex generator ribs are tested on the blade suction side for flow reattachment on the blade surfaces, and low‐profile vortex generators are tested on the side walls of the compressor cascade against secondary flow losses. Different vortex generator designs are compared for total pressure recovery, flow turning, boundary layer characteristics, and pressure distributions over the endwalls. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geometric parameters and response surface methodology on cooling performance of vortex tubes

This research has investigated the effect of certain geometric parameters on cooling performance of three vortex tubes. The influencing parameters include three length/diameter ratios L/D?=?10, 25, 40, three nozzle cases and each case with number n?=?2, 4, 6 nozzles, three cold orifice/diameter ratios β?=?0.389, 0.5, 0.611 and three inlet pressures P_i?=?2, 2.5 and 3?bar. The experiments are conducted based on three factors, two-level and central composite face-centred design with full factorial. The results are analysed according to the principle of response surface methodology. The goodness of fit of the regression model is inspected using the analysis of variance and F-ratio test. The values of R² and R²-adjusted are close to 100% which show a very good correlation between the observed and predicted values. The results show that the effect of number of nozzles on the energy separation depends on the L/D values.     

不同截流程度下涡街流量计的流动特性研究

对于涡街流量计的旋涡发生体的仿真研究主要集中在形状和尺寸上,但在现场复杂工况环境的情况下,发生体的位置并不是固定不变的,会存在安装偏差。为了很好的分析发生体安装偏差带来的信号强度发生变化的问题,确定不影响信号强度的最大偏差角度,采用三角柱型发生体,在Ansys＋Workbench＋FLUENT 数值仿真软件平台环境下,根据涡街流量计的实际物理结构尺寸建立仿真模型,并对其进行网格划分、求解,将仿真得到的升、阻力频率相比较,得出阻力频率正好是升力频率的2倍,表明可以利用FLUENT软件对涡街流量计进行三维流场数值仿真。最后利用FL U EN T软件,通过改变管截面与截流面的夹角,在低、中、高速流速下,对其进行取压,将得到的信号强度和频谱分布进行比较分析,得出夹角与信号强度的关系：夹角在1°～7°范围,对信号强度的影响不大,超过7°以后影响变大。     

基于尾流效应的海上风电场有功出力优化

以海上风电场风速平稳和尾流效应影响距离远为背景,提出基于尾流效应的海上风电场有功出力优化方案,使风电场各机组有功出力之和大于传统单机最大风能捕获方案。挖掘风电机组有功出力和尾流效应的关系,给出基于有功控制的尾流定量调控方法,并建立了风电场有功出力优化模型;重点研究了基于现有计算资源实现控制策略的方法:根据尾流传播路径,对风电场进行分组,有效降低控制对象数;根据风电机组运行与有功控制特性,降低优化方程求解的搜索空间,抑制计算规模;通过数据拟合,降低优化变量数,将离散域优化问题转化为连续域优化问题,便于使用具有广泛公信力的优化算法。仿真结果表明,提出的方案能有效提升风电场功率,在不增加风电硬件设备投资的前提下,提高风电场效益。     

基于单机最优功率曲线拟合的多场景风电功率预测方法

风的时变和间歇性制约风电与负荷的实时能量平衡,准确的功率预测有助于风能成为可调度能源。针对风电不确定性问题,提出了基于单机最优功率曲线拟合的多计算流体力学(CFD)场景风电功率预测方法。首先,离散求解大气物理运动方程,并建立能反映风电场流体分布的CFD加速比矩阵。其次,针对风轮旋转尾流效应,提出了参考风轮推力系数的自由与带有激盘模型流场的变权重CFD组合预测。最后,提出了一种利用经过尾流修正风电机组自身风速计数据的迭代风电功率曲线拟合方法,以贡献率为判断指标,迭代剔除坏点并拟合单机最优功率曲线。实际算例结果证明所提方法可以有效提高功率曲线拟合和预测精确度。     

涡旋光束经过散射介质产生散斑的理论和实验研究

研究了涡旋光束经过散射介质后形成的散斑特性 ．运用概率统计理论和光束传输理论,模 拟了不同拓扑电荷数的涡旋光束经过散射介质后形成的散斑,以及散射介质颗粒尺度对散斑 特性的影响。模拟结 果表明,随着涡旋光束拓扑电荷数的增大和散射介质颗粒尺度减小,形成 的散斑颗粒尺寸逐渐减小。实验上,利用螺旋相位板(SPP)产生涡旋光束,使其透过散射介 质后形成散斑。实验结果 表明,涡旋光束经过散射介质后,随着散射介质颗粒尺度减小,形成的散斑对比度逐渐增大 ;随着涡旋光束拓 扑电荷数的增大或散射介质颗粒的减小,所形成散斑的尺寸减小。实验结果与模拟结果 相吻合。