Feasibility Study of Microwave-Assisted Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oil Refinery Waste

Vegetable oil refinery waste containing acid oil is used as an inexpensive feedstock for producing biodiesel by microwave-assisted esterification (MAE) method. Effects of some main variables such as free fatty acid:methanol molar ratio (1:1, 1:5, and 1:10), reaction time (5, 30, and 60 min), and catalyst concentration (1%, 2%, and 3%) on physicochemical properties of produced biodiesel are investigated. Optimum reaction conditions of MAE are free fatty acid:methanol molar ratio of 1:10, reaction time of 60 min, and a catalyst concentration of 3%, while having 95.79% conversion yield. By increasing the conversion yield of the biodiesel, density and color brightness increase, while viscosity and refractive index decrease. There are no significant differences between physicochemical and heating properties of biodiesel produced by MAE and magnetic stirrer esterification (MSE) methods. Meanwhile, energy consumption of MAE method is almost four times lower than that of MSE. MAE as a promising alternative to the conventional esterification method can be considered as an energy-efficient method for producing biodiesel from inexpensive vegetable oil refinery waste. Practical applications : Acid oil is an inexpensive by-product of alkali refining in vegetable oil plants that would pollute the environment if not rendered safely. In this study, MAE is used to convert acid oil to biodiesel as a practical process for bringing alkali refining waste into production cycle. Acid oil can provide a reduction in the cost of biodiesel production. In addition, application of energy-efficient MAE method can facilitate the economical production of biodiesel.     

A replacement of traditional insulation refractory brick by a waste-derived lightweight refractory castable

Lightweight insulation refractories are essential for high-temperature performance to reduce energy consumption. This study investigates a new insulation material, that is, solid waste rice husk ash (RHA) derived lightweight refractory castable, replacing traditional insulation refractory brick. The RHA is generated after the burning of rice husk as biomass fuel. The RHA is used as an aggregate and alkali-extracted silica sol from RHA as a binder to fabricate the insulation castable. The nanosilica containing (~30 wt%) sol is employed to synthesize the refractory castable by varying the sol amount (2.5-12.5 wt% silica from sol). The castable specimens are cast by a vibro-caster and fired at 900-1200°C in a muffle furnace. The physic-mechanical and thermal conductivity (κ) of the castable is investigated. At 1100°C with 10 wt% dry sol retaining sample shows an excellent apparent porosity (~65%), low bulk density (~ 0.8 g/cm³), and κ (0.136 W/m k) with sustainable compressive strength (6 MPa). The acquired results are a good match with the literature (other wastes-derived insulation materials) and industrial (silica insulation brick) obtained data. These promising outcomes may inspire the refractory industries for using RHA as an aggregate and RHA extracted sol as a binder for making insulation castable.     

医药副产含磷废盐的提纯研究

随着精细化工及中间体产品的发展,各类副产废盐量不断增加,由于其产生量大及难处理等特点,成为阻碍行业发展的一大瓶颈。主要开展了医药副产含磷废盐的提纯实验研究,针对废盐产生的途径和特性,采用洗脱剂（甲醇-乙醇）+活性炭混合洗脱与重结晶的方式,分别去除废盐中的有机物和氯化钠,回收可利用的磷酸盐,实现废盐的提纯资源化。当洗脱剂与废盐的体积质量比为1 mL/g、洗脱剂甲醇与乙醇的体积比为4∶6、活性炭用量为废盐质量的0.4%时,废盐中的有机物得到了有效去除。随后对得到的混盐进行重结晶得到回收磷酸盐,回收磷酸盐的纯度可达98%以上,符合工业磷酸盐行业标准的要求。将含磷废盐提纯回收磷酸盐,1 t废盐的处理成本约为174.24元,可回收0.61 t磷酸盐,实现了废盐的资源化再利用。     

砂岩翻砂废砂在水泥生料配料中的应用

我公司拥有2×2 500 t/d新型干法水泥生产线,在生产中逐步以废砂来替代砂岩进行生料配料,本文探讨了废砂的使用对水泥生产过程、熟料质量性能以及成本效益等方面的影响。结果表明：使用废砂替代砂岩进行水泥生料配料煅烧硅酸盐水泥熟料,未对熟料煅烧过程及熟料性能产生不良影响,烟气排放指标和熟料质量技术指标均符合国家标准要求。按我公司目前年产熟料110万t、掺加量按5.8%计算,年消耗废砂约10.0万t,每年节约成本约100万元,经济效益明显。     

燃气轮机余热发电系统方案选择

综合利用不同型号燃气轮机余热的发电系统,根据水泥厂自备电站的不同型号燃气轮机余热情况,拟定余热发电技术方案,分析比较不同方案下余热发电系统的技术指标,从而选择合理的技术方案。     

水泥窑低温有机朗肯循环联合发电技术

以某一新型二代水泥技术的7 000 t/d熟料生产线为例,单纯的采用汽水朗肯循环,存在热量回收不彻底,部分低品位余热资源无法有效回收等问题。采用汽水朗肯循环及有机朗肯循环联合发电系统的方案,结果表明：联合朗肯循环系统发电功率提高了614 kW,吨熟料发电量增加了2.1 kWh/kg,提高了8%;净发电功率提高了511 kW,净发电量实际提高了7.1%,提高了水泥余热回收的效率。     

A new partitioning process for high-level liquid waste by extraction chromatography using silica-substrate chelating agent impregnated adsorbents

To separate the long-lived minor actinides (MA(III) = Am(III), Cm(III)) and some specific fission products (FP) such as Pd(II), Mo(VI), Cs(I) and Sr(II) from high-level liquid waste (HLLW), we have been studying a new partitioning process by extraction chromatography using several novel silica-based extraction resins. In this work, we examined the separation behavior of the elements contained in a simulated MA-effluent by the CMPO/SiO₂P packed column. In addition, as an attempt to further isolate Am(III) and Cm(III) from the heavy RE(III) such as Eu(III), Gd(III) and Dy(III) contained in the MA-effluent, we investigated the possibility of separation by using a silica-based cationic exchange resin. Furthermore, to isolate Sr(II) from the HLLW, adsorption and separation performances of Sr(II) and some other FP elements were studied by using a novel silica-based crown ether extraction resin, DtBuCH18C6/SiO₂P. The experimental results demonstrated that the elements in the simulated MA-effluent can be successfully separated to (1) Pd, (2) MA-hRE and (3) Zr–Mo, by CMPO/SiO₂P packed column using water and a dilute DTPA solution as eluents. Am(III) and Cm(III) are expected to be effectively separated from light RE(III) and Y(III) by the SiSCR cationic resin. However, more effective separation between Am(II), Cm(III) and heavy RE(III) such as Eu(III), Gd(III) and Dy(III) needs further approach. DtBuCH18C6/SiO₂P showed a highly selective adsorption for Sr(III) so that the Sr(II) could be completely separated from other FPs except a portion of Ba(II).     

Biosorption behaviors of Cu, Zn, Cd and mixture by waste activated sludge

Biosorption of heavy metal ions, such as Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺, was carried out using waste activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant as adsorption material, and the effects of parameters, such as pH value, temperature, reaction time and sorption duration, were studied in detail. The results indicate that the removal rates of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ with low concentration are 96.47%, 80% and 90%, respectively, adsorbed by waste activated sludge. Little effect of dosage of activated sludge on the adsorption of Cu²⁺ and more effects on the adsorption of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are observed. Little effect of temperature is observed, while pH value and adsorption time exert important influence on the sorption process. The adsorption behaviors of heavy metal ions all have parabolic relationships with pH value. The optimum pH value is between 6 and 10, and the optimum adsorption time is 1 h. In single heavy metal ion system, the sorption processes of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are in accordance with Freundlich model, which indicates that it is suitable for the treatment of these three heavy metal ions using intermittent operation. In addition, the sorption capacity of the sludge for Cu²⁺ is preferential to the other two ions.     

用铸造废砂制备磷酸盐泡沫陶瓷的研究

以经过活化处理后的铸造废砂为主要原料，以磷酸和磷酸盐为发泡固化剂，再配以必要的添加剂，通过混合搅拌、浇注成型、烧结强化工艺制造的磷酸盐泡沫陶瓷具有高强和多孔特征。研究表明：影响材料性能的主要因素有废砂活性、磷酸、添加剂、烧结工艺以及混合料中的铝硅比等。技术经济分析表明了这项工艺技术具有废物利用量大．生产过程简单，产品用途广泛，对铸造行业的废弃物资源化具有积极意义。     

黄金冶炼厂污染源治理技术

本文阐述了采用加温加压无氰解吸、金电解精炼，活性炭酸洗、火法再生产工艺，所产生污染物的治理技术。