低渗透油田合理注采井距的确定--以纯41块沙4段低渗透油田为例

以纯41块沙4段低渗透油田为例，从低渗透油田渗流机理出发，分析了造成低渗透油田开发效果差的主要原因。在计算注水井最大井底流压、油井最小井底流压、油水井之间可建立的最大注采压差的基础上，结合室内试验确定的最小启动压力梯度公式计算油田技术极限注采井距，并结合经济合理井距计算结果，确定了油田合理注采井距，并提出了下二步调整方案，实施后取得了显著的效果。该方法为低渗透油田合理井距的确定、提高低渗透油田的开发效果提供了理论依据。     

板栅模具设计中的几个问题

通过对板栅模具设计中遇到的几个实际问题的分析提出处理意见 ,从而达到科学合理地设计板栅模具。     

Innovation in construction: a sociology of technology approach

An alternative approach to understanding innovation is made using two intersecting ideas. The first is that successful innovation requires consideration of the social and organizational contexts in which it is located. The complex context of construction work is characterized by inter-organizational collaboration, a project-based approach and power distributed amongst collaborating organizations. The second is that innovations can be divided into two modes: 'bounded', where the implications of innovation are restricted within a single, coherent sphere of influence, and 'unbounded', where the effects of implementation spill over beyond this. Bounded innovations are adequately explained within the construction literature. However, less discussed are unbounded innovations, where many firms' collaboration is required for successful implementation, even though many innovations can be considered unbounded within construction's inter-organizational context. It is argued that unbounded innovations require an approach to understand and facilitate the interactions both within a range of actors and between the actors and technological artefacts. The insights from a sociology of technology approach can be applied to the multiplicity of negotiations and alignments that constitute the implementation of unbounded innovation. The utility of concepts from the sociology of technology, including 'system building' and 'heterogeneous engineering', is demonstrated by applying them to an empirical study of an unbounded innovation on a major construction project (the new terminal at Heathrow Airport, London, UK). This study suggests that 'system building' contains outcomes that are not only transformations of practices, processes and systems, but also the potential transformation of technologies themselves.     

充分关注水质科学保障饮水安全

从我国饮水安全的现状入手，分析城乡饮水安全存在的问题，强调保障饮水安全是构建和谐社会的必然要求和水利工作的切实要务。从加强监测、科学规划，加强关键技术研究及推广应用，保护水源地、修复水环境，建立合理的体制与机制四个方面提出了做好保障饮水安全工作的建议。     

WASP6水质模型在渭河流域水环境容量解析中的应用

将WASP6水质模型应用于渭河流域陕西片,分析流域水环境的污染现状,并采用模型试错法模拟计算渭河陕西段水环境容量,并对比分析节水增流前后水质变化,根据分析结果提出节水增流减污的水污染控制方案,为渭河的污染治理提供依据。     

碾压混凝土坝应力场有限元及施工仿真分析

采用三维有限元法对某碾压混凝土坝(RCC)在施工导流期的应力场进行分析,着重校核了顶部未到设计龄期的碾压混凝土和大型导流底孔周边的应力分布;并初步探讨了在多因素影响情况下,从开始施工到蓄水运行的坝体温度场、应力场的全过程仿真分析方法。     

水对食品相变的影响

水是食品材料中最重要的成分。本文介绍了食品中水的性质以及水对食品相变的影响，并从水活性、水的吸附性以及水的增塑性三方面描述了水在食品相变中所起的作用。另外，还着重分析了水对食品冻结温度的影响。     

宾馆酒店蒸汽冷凝水回收问题剖析

分析了宾馆酒店进行冷凝水回收所遇到的各种问题，提出了应对策略和解决方法，介绍了取得的应用效果。     

水驱强度对油井压力动态的影响研究

建立了水驱强度影响下的水驱油渗流数学模型，在获得数学模型解的基础上，计算了考虑井筒储存、表皮效应以及水驱强度影响下油井的压力及压力导数典型曲线，分析了压力动态特征，通过这些研究为水驱油藏的试井分析提供了理论基础，为水驱油藏的识别提供了一种新的手段。     

Evaluation of passive microwave snow water equivalent algorithms in the depth hoar-dominated snowpack of the Kuparuk River Watershed, Alaska, USA

This research investigates the utility of passive microwave remote sensing instruments to accurately determine snow water equivalent (SWE) over large spatial extents. Three existing Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) snow water equivalent algorithms produced by Chang, Tait and Goodison were evaluated for their ability to determine snow water equivalent in a snowpack containing substantial depth hoar, large faceted snow crystals. The Kuparuk River Watershed (8140 km²) test site on the North Slope of Alaska was chosen for its snowpack containing a think depth hoar layer and long history of ground truth data. A new regional snow water equivalent algorithm was developed to determine if it could produce better results than the existing algorithms in an area known to contain significant depth hoar. The four algorithms were tested to see how well they could determine snow water equivalent: (1) on a per pixel basis, (2) across swath-averaged spatial bands of approximately 850 km², and (3) on a watershed scale. The algorithms were evaluated to see if they captured the annual spatial distribution in snow water equivalent over the watershed. Results show that the algorithms developed by Chang and from this research are generally within 3 cm of the spatially averaged snow water equivalents over the entire watershed. The algorithms produced by Chang, Tait, and in this research were able to predict the basin-wide ground measured snow water equivalent value within a percent error range from −32.4% to 24.4% in the years with a typical snowpack. None of the algorithms produce accurate results on a pixel-by-pixel scale, with errors ranging from −26% to 308%.