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51.
Effect of Li+ ions on structure,properties, and actuation of cellulose electro‐active paper actuator
We have reported an electro‐active paper actuator from regenerated cellulose. After dissolving cellulose fibers with a solution of lithium chloride in N,N‐dimethylacetamide, cellulose was regenerated by combining distillation of cellulose solution along with washing with the mixture of deionized water, isopropyl alcohol, and running water. However, the effect of Li+ ions on structure, properties, and the actuation behavior of the actuator was not studied. This article describes the changes in these parameters when the Li+ ions are removed by subjecting it to different running water exposure time. The structure and properties of cellulose electro‐active paper and its actuation behavior were studied. As Li+ ions content reduced from 4354.17 to 10.26 ppm by increasing the exposure time of running water, crystallinity, Young's modulus, and bending displacement decreased. Details about the investigation have been explained. This elimination of ions is important to increase the piezoelectric effect in EAPap by decreasing the ion migration effect. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008 相似文献
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详细介绍了ZPG系列盘式真空过滤机的主要特点、基本原理和主要技术参数。对盘式真空过滤机的过滤理论进行了系统的研究 ,以及为提高过滤系数和降低滤饼水分所采取的关键措施。与传统的真空过滤机进行了对比 ,表明ZPG系列盘式真空过滤机的滤饼水分可以降低 1 %~ 3 % ,过滤系数提高 3 0 %~5 0 % ,过滤每吨精矿的能耗可以降低 5 0 %左右 ,使得ZPG系列盘式真空过滤机在国内各大冶金矿山得到全面推广使用 ,创造了巨大的经济效益和社会效益。 相似文献
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通过对多孔粒状铵油炸药质量影响因素的分析,结合乌海矿业公司爆破的特点,提出了保证炸药加工质量的合理参数。 相似文献
56.
热泵热水机组是一种新型热水和供暖产品,它可以从空气、水等环境中吸取能量,热效率高,被公为是传统锅炉、电热水器及燃油(气)热水机组的更新换代环保型产品。详细阐述了以ADμC834芯片为核心的热泵热水机组控制器软硬件系统设计。论述了多路温度数据与压力数据采集、液晶显示等模块的硬件组成及各个模块的工作原理。控制器的软件系统采用前后台架构,用QuickStart平台开发完成。其人机界面系统由按键阵列和TG2401286V2型液晶显示屏组成。 相似文献
57.
罗坡坝水电站拱坝设置有三个溢流表孔,中间孔高程低于两侧的孔,三个泄水孔设有差动式挑坎。通过模型试验表明,不发生危及岸坡稳定的泄流雾化问题,此外,适当控制泄流水舌射程可以减少坝下冲坑深度,消能效果良好。 相似文献
58.
Akbar Eslami Simin Nasseri Bahram Yadollahi Alireza Mesdaghinia Foroogh Vaezi Ramin Nabizadeh Shahrokh Nazmara 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(11):1447-1453
BACKGROUND: Over the past several decades methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) as additive to gasoline, intended to either boost ratings of fuel or to reduce air pollution, has been accepted worldwide. Since MTBE has high water solubility, the occurrence of fuel spills or leaks from underground storage tanks or transferring pipeline has led to the contamination of natural waters. In this study the degradation of aqueous MTBE at relatively high concentrations was investigated by a UV‐visible/ZnO/H2O2 photocatalytic process. The effects of important operational parameters such as pH, amount of H2O2, catalyst loading and irradiation time were also investigated. Concentration of MTBE and intermediates such as tert‐butyl formate and tert‐butyl alcohol were measured. RESULTS: Time required for complete degradation increased from 20 to 150 min when the initial concentration was increased from 10 to 500 mg L?1. The first‐order rate constants for degradation of MTBE were estimated to be 0.183–0.022 min?1 as the concentration increased from 10 to 500 mg L?1. Study of the overall mineralization monitored by total organic carbon analysis showed that at an initial concentration of 100 mg L?1 MTBE complete mineralization was obtained after 100 min under UV‐visible/ZnO/H2O2 photocatalysis. CONCLUSION: The data presented in this paper clearly indicated that UV‐visible/ZnO/O2 as an advanced oxidation process provides an efficient treatment alternative for the remediation of MTBE‐contaminated waters. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
59.
Bench-scale reactor experiments were performed to study the dissolution of a binary naphthalene-in-nonane mixture nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) pool over a wide range of average pore water velocities, vx (≈0.1–60 m/day). Experimental NAPL pool dissolution flux values were determined using a steady-state mass balance approach. The experimental flux data were compared to model predictions made assuming either local equilibrium or mass-transfer limited conditions. The local equilibrium model could describe the trends in the average effluent concentration and dissolution flux with 0.110?m/day. Data determined to be under mass-transfer limited conditions were fit to the nonequilibrium model to estimate values for an overall mass-transfer coefficient. The calculated overall mass-transfer coefficients had an average value of 0.407 m/day and showed no correlation with vx, probably due to mass-transfer resistance becoming dominated by the diffusional resistance in the NAPL. These results suggest that the nonequilibrium approach is better suited for describing high velocity (vx>10?m/day) dissolution of multicomponent NAPL pools, and that flushing of groundwater at very high velocities may not be an effective approach for enhancing NAPL-pool dissolution flux. 相似文献
60.
The aluminium species in different tea infusions were investigated, by determining their stability constants and concentration. This was done for some particular samples using a simple experimental method based on the sorption of aluminium on the strongly sorbing resin Chelex 100, by a batch procedure. From the thermodynamic information obtained it is possible to calculate the concentration of the different species, and in particular that of the free metal ion, which is very important for evaluating the adsorption of aluminium on biological membranes. It was found that aluminium in the tea infusions here considered is present at high total concentration, approximately 0.1 mM, but mainly linked to strong complexes, for instance with side reaction coefficient higher than 10(5.11) at pH 3.95 in one case (tea 1). This could be the reason for the low toxicity of aluminium in tea. These strong complexes were not dissociated even in the presence of Chelex 100. In this case only a limiting value of the reaction coefficient could be evaluated. The presence of the very strong complexes was found in all the tea sample here considered. In two of the considered samples (one black and one green tea) a part of Al(III) was linked to less strong complexes, for example with a reaction coefficient 10(4.14) (tea 2, pH 4.20). The presence in the considered tea infusions of other substances able to complex aluminium was also detected, by the well known ligand titration procedure, at concentration ranging from 0.65 to 3.37 mM in three tea infusions, and at somewhat higher concentration in the case of the ready drink, which was also considered for comparison. 相似文献