Effect of alkali halides on α-chymotrypsin activity in the plastein reaction

The influence of different alkali halides (LiF, LiCl. LiBr, NaF, NaCl, NaBr, KF, KCl and KBr) on α-chymotrypsin-catalysed plastein synthesis has been studied in aqueous medium at different substrate concentrations. The results showed an enhancing effect on the plastein synthesis enzyme action by the presence of salts, proportional to salt concentration, which was decreased when the substrate concentration was increased. Additionally, these facts allowed the ions to be classified as a function of their activation power (F^? > Cl^? > Br^?: K⁺ > Na⁺ > Li⁺), which was in agreement with the interpretation of the Hofmeister lyotropic series. The influence of the several phenomena produced by the presence of salts in the plastein reaction, such as, salt-substrate interactions and water activity, as well as the presence of deactivated enzyme was also analysed. The obtained results showed that the substrate concentration is the most important factor, and the activating effect of salts could be simultaneously involved with both a structural change on the substrate conformation and a reduction of water activity into the reaction media, enhancing the catalytic capability of the α-chymotrypsin towards a peptide synthesis action.     

提高涂层防腐性能评价技术的探讨

界面防腐技术是油气田三维大跨度的大型结构群体综合防护治理的主要方法之一，但我国现行的涂层检测方法还存在较大的局限性和失真度，不能反映实际工况下涂层的防护质量。文章指出了我国涂层与防护质量评价技术的现状和与国外的差距，介绍了80年代以来国外在涂层质量评价方面采用的一些新技术和先进的综合评价方法，最后提出了采用表面分析技术和电化学方法相结合的评价技术，以及对现行评价方法的再创造等建议。     

饮用水氯化中氯仿形成的动力学模式

以黄腐酸（ＦＡ）为卤仿前驱物质，分别测定不同投氯量、ＴＯＣ水平、温度以及ｐＨ值对ＣＨＣｌ３形成速率的影响，确定出ＣＨＣｌ３形成的动力学模式。该模式可用于预测投氯后的管网水中ＣＨＣｌ３的形成量，以便采取必要措施保证饮用水符合国家规定ＣＨＣｌ３〈６０μｇ／Ｌ的标准。     

传感器可靠性技术—传感器可靠性特征量

介绍已知试验数据如何计算可靠性特征量的点估计和区间估计     

用纤维TiO2作光催化剂降解饮用水中腐殖质

用纤维状ＴｉＯ２作为光催化剂，采用间歇和连续两种操作方式，在Ｏ３／ＴｉＯ２／ＵＶ体系中处理含腐殖质的饮用水，使腐殖质去除率在９７％，纤维ＴｉＯ２可过滤回收，易于实际应用。     

提高老采区资源回采率的若干途径

云应盐矿区通过新旧盐井更替、改造井身结构、完善分采工艺等技术措施，提高了老采区的资源回收率，实现了对老采区的挖潜改造。     

APPLICATION OF A COMMERCIAL ENZYME PREPARATION IN THE BARLEY MALTING PROCESS

This paper presents data on barley micromalting with addition of the CELLUCLAST enzyme complex. This is a commercial, multicarbohydrase with distinct β-glucanase and proteinase activities. The enzyme was added to steeping and germination phases, in different quantities (0.05%; 0.75% and 0.1% of initial barley). The enzyme was added to different malting phases: to the 2nd and 3rd steep water, at the beginning of germination on the 1st day by spraying, on the 2nd day of germination and in combination of addition to 3rd steeping water and in germination start (50% of total quantity of each). CELLUCLAST enzyme had a significant effect on reduction of wort viscosity, extract difference, wort filterability and protein breakdown, depending on the quantity of added enzyme and the malting phase to which it was added. There was no negative effect on other malt quality parameters. The best values of cytolytic breakdown parameters (viscosity, extract difference, filtration rate) were obtained with addition of 0.075% of CELLUCLAST, on the first day of germination.     

二流量试井工艺及资料解释分析方法

描述了二流量试井工艺的实现，从常规分析和双对数曲线拟合两上方面，给出了二流量试井的资料解释分析方法，分析认为二流量试井同样可以计算出正常关井测压力恢复（或压力降落）资料所解释的油藏及流体参数。这种试井方法不但可以减少因正常关井测压对产油量和注水量的影响，而且可以减缓因突然关、开井造成的套管变形或损坏。实践证明，该试井技术方法具有较好的经济效益和应用前景。     

Hydrogen and Calcium Ion Concentrations Affect Volume of CO2 Puffed Diced Green Bell Peppers

Diced green bell peppers were soaked in a solution of hydrochloric acid or calcium chloride, air-dried to 50% moisture, held in CO₂ at 5.8 MPa for 1, 3 or 5 min, and puffed by abruptly releasing the CO₂ pressure. Treatment with 1% CaCl₂ increased the size of puffed-dried products as compared to a control; however, HCl treatments did not. The treatment with 1 or 2% CaCl₂ reduced shrinkage as compared to the control. The 1% CaCl₂ treatment may have increased the CO₂ saturation rate.     

Electrochemical noise analysis for estimation of corrosion rate of carbon steel in bicarbonate solution

We have investigated the electrochemical noise behavior of carbon steel in fully deaerated aqueous bicarbonate solutions, and discussed the optimum conditions of the noise analysis for estimating corrosion rate of the steel. Noise of the potential difference and of the short-circuit current between two identical steel coupons were successfully measured. The time-series noise patterns were transformed into frequency domain by fast Fourier transformation, and then their power spectrum densities (PSDs) at a frequency were determined to be compared with the corrosion rate. The PSDs of the potential and of the current varied with changing environmental factors of bicarbonate concentration, pH, and immersion time. The factors also controlled the corrosion rate of the steel. The PSDs were associated with the corrosion rate, and then it was found that the PSDs of the potential and of the current showed linear correlation with the corrosion rate in log-log scale. There was also linear relationship between the corrosion rate and a spectral noise resistance obtained from the PSDs of the potential and the current. The linearities of the three correlations were better at a lower analyzed frequency. Furthermore, the PSDs of the current and the noise resistance indicated more linear correlation with the corrosion rate than that of the potential. As the simplicity of the measurement system is additionally considered, it is concluded that the PSD of the current noise at an analyzed frequency of 3 mHz is the optimum conditions for estimating the corrosion rate from 10⁻² to 10⁰ A m⁻² in this study.