Heat transfer enhancement by Marangoni convection in the NH3–H2O absorption process

The objectives of this paper are to quantify the effect of Marangini convection on the absorption performance for the ammonia–water absorption process, and to visualize Marangoni convection that is induced by adding a heat transfer additive, n-octanol. A real-time single-wavelength holographic interferometer is used for the visualization using a He–Ne gas laser. The interface temperature is always the highest due to the absorption heat release near the interface. It was found that the thermal boundary layer (TBL) increased faster than the diffusion boundary layer (DBL), and the DBL thickness increased by adding the heat transfer additive. At 5 s after absorption started, the DBL thickness for 5 mass% NH₃ without and with the heat transfer additive was 3.0 and 4.5 mm, respectively. Marangoni convection was observed near the interface only in the cases with heat transfer additive. The Marangoni convection was very strong just after the absorption started and it weakened as time elapsed. It was concluded that the absorption performance could be improved by increasing the absorption driving potential (x_vb−x_vi) and by increasing the heat transfer additive concentration. The absorption heat transfer was enhanced as high as 3.0–4.6 times by adding the heat transfer additive that generated Marangoni convection.     

一种提高低温流体比体积计算精度的方法

采用了一个既能提高立方型状态方程比体积计算精度，又不影响气液平衡条件的简单摩尔修正项来改进PR方程比体积的计算。本文对19种低温流体给出其修正项的值，计算饱和蒸气和液体比体积，并与未修正的PR方程的计算值比较，结果表明这种修正能显著提高低温流体（包括量子流体氢、氦和强极性的氨气）饱和液体比体积的计算精度，并对蒸气比体积的计算也略有改进。     

企业网络信息管理系统的总体设计

介绍了企业网络信息管理系统总体设计方案，提出了软、硬件的设计方案和实现方法。该系统可以实时掌握控制各职能部门的运营状况，有效地调配企业资源，提高企业的市场竞争能力。     

层状Ti3SiC2陶瓷的组织结构及力学性能

利用热压烧结TiH₂,Si和C粉获得了致密度大于98%的层状Ti₃SiC₂陶瓷。利用压痕法,在不同的载荷下测定了材料的维氏硬度, 发现其硬度值随载荷的增加而降低,在最大载荷30kg时,硬度值为4GPa。压痕对角线没有发现径向裂纹的出现。 这归因于多重能量吸收机制——颗粒的层裂、裂纹的扩展、颗粒的变形等。利用三点弯曲法和单边切口梁法测定了材料的强度和韧性分别为270MPa和6.8MPa·m1/2。Ti₃SiC₂材料的断口表现出明显的层状性质,大颗粒易于发生层裂和穿晶断裂,小颗粒易被拔出。当裂纹沿平行于Ti₃SiC₂基面的方向扩展造成颗粒的层裂,当裂纹沿垂直于基面的方向扩展时,裂纹穿过颗粒的同时,在颗粒内部发生偏转,使裂纹的扩展路径增加。裂纹的扩展路径类似人们根据仿生结构设计的层状复合材料。裂纹在颗粒内的多次偏转、裂纹钉扎以及颗粒的层裂和拔出等是材料韧性提高的主要原因。此外,在室温下得到的荷载-位移曲线,说明Ti₃SiC₂材料不象其它陶瓷材料的脆性断裂,而是具有金属一样的塑性。     

Optimal size,hydraulic retention time and volatile solids loading rate of biogas unit using water hyacinth

With a view to evaluate the effects of hydraulic retention time and volatile solids loading rate on methane production using water hyacinth, experiments were conducted in a 160 dm³ capacity, well-mixed continuous digestion unit at ambient temperature. The optimal design of biogas plant using water hyacinth was elucidated, to provide a unit giving a maximum methane yield of 0.16 nm³ kg^?1 volatile solids added, which was 60% greater than the conventional plant using cowdung. The calculations of optimal design factors were based on reactor size, hydraulic retention time and volatile solids loading rate; considerations were made of capital cost, running costs and operational revenue.     

Simulation and optimization of tool-life in manufacturing centers

This paper presents the development of an optimization and a computer-simulation model to evaluate the process plans of a manufacturing center by analyzing the effect of tool failure on system performance. The GPSS/PC simulation program that is used in this study has been built with variables, functions and matrices so that many experiments could be conducted with the model. Sensitivity analysis is presented and the developed model has proven to be useful in determining optimum sequencing of parts for various operating policies.     

人支气管上皮靶细胞形态学参数的测量

支气管上皮靶细胞形态学参数对计算受氡子体照射的支气管的剂量是很重要的。本文介绍利用奥尔新兰-PAS 染色的外科切除人肺组织切片,测量基底细胞粘液细胞和的胞核深度与数目。结果表明,叶、段和小支气管的粘液细胞核深度分别为相应节段基底细胞的61%、69%和73%;此三节段粘液细胞的数目分别为基底细胞的53%、29%和28%,平均为37%。     

铜冶炼企业金银回收率计算方法的选择

针对某厂金、银总平衡情况，分别采用平衡法和连乘法计算金、银回收率，得出两种不同的结果，文章分析了产生不同结果的原因，探讨不同的企业如何根据自身特点，选择与之相适应的金、银回收率计算方法，以便准确地反映本企业的回收率实际水平。     

水力自动翻板闸门的瞬心轨迹及其对稳定性的影响

分析了连杆滚轮式水力自动翻板闸门的运动轨迹，并由此得出闸门动、静坐标系间的转换关系．结合翻板闸门的运转机理，探讨了闸门在运行过程中的瞬心轨迹线及其对闸门稳定性的影响．结果表明，通过优化闸门结构可调整“瞬心”的位置，保证闸门运转的稳定性．