小浪底水利枢纽的初期运行

总结了小浪底水利枢纽投运初期的水沙情况、孔板洞原型观测试验、调水调沙试验和枢纽的安全监测情况,介绍了大坝防渗、转轮裂纹问题的处理方案,总结了枢纽在防洪、防凌、减淤、供水和发电等方面发挥的作用。试验和对监测资料的分析表明,枢纽运行稳定,孔板洞设计合理、消能效果显著,各部位建筑物性态稳定,发挥了巨大的综合效益。     

佛山市中心组团桥梁群对河道影响的数值分析

在不同频率流量和阻水程度条件下,采用一维明渠非恒定流网河数学模型,分析规划中的佛山市桥梁群对区间河道洪季行洪、枯季水环境的影响,计算洪季不同频率洪峰流量下规划桥梁群对区间河道行洪洪水位、分流比的影响,枯季时规划桥梁群对区间河道过流量、分流比的影响,结果表明,利用一维网河数学模型计算佛山市中心组团规划桥梁群对区间河道断面平均水位、流量和流速的影响,结果有足够的数值精度,是可信的。     

C60辅助下ZnNiS光催化分解水制备氢气的研究

通过在光催化剂掺杂ZnS中加入球笼化合物富勒烯C60,提高了光催化水分解的效率.并采用气相色谱法跟踪反应,发现氢气释放量是未加C60时的4倍多.同时,对该催化反应的机理进行了初步的探讨.     

Kinetics of hydantoin formation

The reaction of lignite in a slagging gasifier produces reactants which in turn form 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) as a major constituent in the condensate water. Variations in plant operating conditions made it impossible to accurately study the kinetics of formation of DMH in the actual gasifier water, and thus a model system was chosen. The reaction of acetone cyanohydrin in the presence of excess ammonium carbonate at concentrations approaching those obtained in the condensate water were studied at 50,70, and 90 °C. Secondorder kinetics were obeyed, and the pseudo second-order rate constants at the respective temperatures were 1.86, 3.6, and 4.62 dm³ mol^{? 1} h^{? 1}. Independent variation of the concentration of either acetone, cyanide, ammonia or carbonate gave results consistent with the interpretation that the formation of DMH is first order in all reactants: rate of formation of DMH = k[acetone][HCN][NH₃][CO₂]. The pseudo second-order rate constant is a complex rate constant including several rapid equilibria. A mechanism consistent with the kinetic data is presented.     

浅谈克东县水土流失的成因及存在的问题

克东县属丘陵地带,土壤主要是黑土。近年来由于水土流失严重,对农业生产和农民生活带来了极大的不便。虽然采取治理与开发相结合的措施,取得了一定成绩,但目前的任务仍然艰巨。     

建设群力新区水系工程的初步设想

就水系工程水源的选择、规划设计要点,提出了初步设想。     

可交易水权改革若干问题的思考

从水权制度变迁理论分析入手,认定水权制度的改革不仅是一个简单的资源配置或生产力布局问题,更是涉及制度建设和一个国家管理体制的演化的问题。通过对已建立可交易水权为基础的水权制度改革作进一步探讨,提出了建立“准市场”和“地方政治民主协商”机制、构建合约化的水权交易市场、加快水权市场的布设与推广等相应的建议。     

以创新实现云南文山斗南锰资源的有效利用

随着国民经济特别是钢铁工业的迅速发展，资源危机成为困扰资源型可持续发展的核心问题，只有坚持以创新为动力，才能实现锰矿等资源的有效利用。     

Effects of Surface Concentration on Drying Behavior of Carbohydrate Solutions

As the surface properties of the drying materials are very important not only for the drying rate but also for the quality change during drying, the effects of surface concentration on the drying behavior of liquid foods (sugar solutions) were investigated by isothermal drying experiments and by numerical calculation experiments. The isothermal drying experiments with gelled sugar solution systems (sucrose and maltodextrin) were carried out at various relative humidity (RH) values (RH = 0 to 84%). Separate experiments were carried out for determination of the desorption isotherms.

The isothermal drying curves of sugar solutions at RH = 0 to 51% were very similar. Numerical simulations also showed that the drying curves of these sugars at the surface concentration = 0 and 0.1 are almost the same, although the concentration distributions are different.

When a small amount of gelatin was added to sugar solutions, the drying rate decreased remarkably as the gelatin might form a thin film (skin) near the surface, and consequently the retention of ethanol increased.     

清涧河流域不同水土保持措施配置下蓄水拦沙效益分析

从分析清涧河流域不同年代水土保持措施配置人手，以蓄水拦沙效益为研究目标，探讨了水土保持措施优化配置问题。分析认为：水土保持措施配置与蓄水拦沙效益是密切相关的，淤地坝在水土保持措施配置中应占有合理比重，坡面治理措施配置中需进一步加大封禁治理比例。