Thermoplastic extrusion—the mechanism of the formation of extrudate structure and properties

Systems processed by thermoplastic extrusion can be regarded as heterophase polymer melts of incompatible water-plasticized biopolymers. In the process of thermoplastic extrusion, proteins and polysaccharides are melted at high pressure and temperature below the temperature region of their thermal decomposition. Dispersed particles of these systems can be deformed in flow. The mixed-melt anisotropic structure, formed in flow, is fixed by rapid conversion of the melt jet that lets the extruder die from a viscous state to a rubber-like state and then to a glassy state caused by cooling and drying. Incompatibility of proteins and polysaccharides in their water-plasticized melt mixtures impacts on structure formation and texturization during thermoplastic extrusion. Presented at the 20th ISF World Congress and 83rd AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo, May 10–14, 1992, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.     

N-十六烷基乙二胺三乙酸钠的合成及性能

用无水乙二胺、1-溴-十六烷和氯乙酸为原料,合成N-十六烷基乙二胺三乙酸钠,以提高阴离子表面活性剂在硬水中的稳定性。性能研究表明:它在硬水中的稳定性达到4级,cmc为2 13mmol·dm-3,γcmc=34.7mN·m-1。对产物的润湿力、分散力、乳化力等其他性能也进行了研究。     

工业循环冷却水用BC－653杀生剂的抗菌性能测定

本文对ＢＣ－６５３杀生剂进行了室内抗菌实验，着重阐述了投药量对杀菌率的影响。结果显示该杀生剂与国外同类产品杀菌力基本一致。     

现场总线技术在非能动压水堆核岛中的应用

本文结合非能动压水堆核电控制系统结构,详细介绍Profibus现场总线和Modbus现场总线在非能动压水堆核电控制系统中的应用,包括两种现场总线技术的结构配置及和现场智能仪控设备的连接,并简要分析现场总线技术在核电行业应用的优点和需克服的技术问题。     

有序介孔碳材料的模板化构筑及水处理应用研究

介孔碳材料是指孔径介于2 nm-50 nm的一类多孔碳材料。有序介孔碳材料，具有比表面积高、孔道结构规则有序、孔径分布狭窄、孔径大小可调控、表面易于修饰等结构特点和高机械强度、强吸附能力、化学惰性等性能特点，在诸多领域得到了广泛应用，特别是其作为新型吸附剂在水处理领域具有广阔的发展前景。有序介孔炭材料的制备方法主要有硬模板法和软模板法。模板和碳源的选择是控制有序介孔碳材料结构和性能的关键因素。本文从有序介孔硅、天然矿物、MOFs材料、嵌段共聚物等不同模板的角度对有序介孔碳、多级有序微/介孔碳、多级有序大/介孔碳的制备方法进行综述，并对有序介孔碳材料在水处理领域的应用进行简单介绍。     

TW-6000 COD自动监测仪与标准法的对照实验

采用普析通用公司生产的TW－6000自动水质监测仪测定COD，与标准法（GB11914－1989）进行对照实验，再应用数理统计方法对结果加以分析，证明仪器法和标准法的数据无显著性差异（显著性水平为0.05，样本数为15)，且两者具有相似的精密度和准确度。     

釜式再沸器壳侧循环流动与管束传热的分格模型

通过对管束壳侧循环流动沸腾传热的分析，提出了管束沸腾传热的薄层蒸发传热增强贡献的计算公式，建立了釜式再沸器壳侧循环流动与管束传热的分格模型，利用此模型，对管束传热系数及循环流速进行了模拟计算。验证结果表明，由本模型计算所得管束沸腾传热系数与实验结果吻合较好。     

Use of15N for fertilizer N recovery and N mineralization studies in semi-arid Kenya

Maize and beans were grown on a ferralsol at Kiboko, Kenya, with up to 120 kg N ha^–1. Within the 10 kg N ha^–1 plots,¹⁵N labelled fertilizer was applied in microplots. There was no significant response in yield to fertilizer N and labelled N recovery was low, being 7.5% or less in one season and 17.7% or less in the second season. Samples of Kiboko soil at four different water contents were incubated and the rate of gross N mineralization over 7 days was calculated, utilizing¹⁵N labelling of the mineral N. Gross N mineralization increased greatly with soil moisture and a fitted relationship between gross N mineralization rate and soil water content was obtained. Using measurements of soil water content at the field site, daily values of the soil N supply by gross mineralization were calculated. On average, modelled gross soil N mineralized could supply much (> 69%) of the N removed from the plots. It is suggested that the lack of response to fertilizer N may be explained by the coincidence of a high rate of N mineralization, and increased crop demand, caused by the onset of rain.     

基于逐次散射法的海洋-大气矢量辐射传输模式

首先推导了粗糙洋面双向偏振反射模型pBRDF(Bidirectional Polarized Reflectance Distribution Function),并将其与SOSVRT(Successive Order of Scattering Radiative Transfer)矢量辐射传输模式耦合,建立了海洋-大气耦合的矢量辐射传输模式,并对该耦合模式的模拟结果与前人模拟结果进行对比,验证了该耦合模式的可靠性与有效性。不同大气和洋面状态、不同高度的主平面内辐射强度和偏振度的模拟结果表明:pBRDF模型可以很好地模拟不同风速下洋面的偏振反射分布特征;洋面在特定角度具有很高的偏振度,并对大气顶的偏振辐射有很大影响。因此,该耦合模式可以更准确地处理辐射光谱在海洋-大气两种介质间的传输问题,对矢量辐射传输、大气遥感问题的研究有重要意义。