近临界水中薯蓣皂苷水解生成薯蓣皂苷元的工艺研究

薯蓣皂苷元是合成甾体激素类药物和甾体避孕药的重要中间体,传统工艺采用盐酸水解法将黄姜中的薯蓣皂苷水解生成薯蓣皂苷元,反应时间4 h,最大收率为1.78%.该工艺反应时间长,耗水量大,对环境污染严重.今研究了无催化剂条件下,近临界水中薯蓣皂苷水解成薯蓣皂苷元的工艺,分别考察了反应温度、反应压力、反应时间等因素对薯蓣皂苷元收率的影响.研究结果表明,近临界水解法工艺简单,反应时间短,对环境友好,在较佳工艺条件下:P=25.0 MPa,T=260℃,t=10 min,薯蓣皂苷元收率为1.46%.     

碳酸丙烯酯—水二元系溶液蒸汽分压的推算

从Ｖａｎ Ｌａａｒ方程出发，推算碳酸丙烯酯－水二元系溶液中碳酸丙烯酯和水的活度系数，然后再利用非理想溶液的Ｒａｏｕｌｔ定律，分别算出碳酸丙烯酯和水的蒸汽分压。     

亚硝酸型反硝化生物脱氮的节能机理及优化方案

须焦化污水处理工艺中，通过对亚硝酸型反硝化生物脱氮与硝酸型反硝化生物脱氮工艺的比较，探讨了需氧量、耗碱量及投资降低的机理。试验得出的优化方案是以NaOH为碱源的亚硝酸型反硝化生物脱氮工艺。     

PPESK／PS共混物流变性能的研究

以溶液共沉淀的方法制备了含二氮杂萘联本结构的聚芳醚砜酮（PPESK）。聚苯乙烯（PS）共混物，用毛细管流变仪测定了共混物的流为性能。结果表明，在本实验条件下，PPESK／PS共混物熔体属假塑性非牛顿汉体，其熔体粘度随PS含量的增加、温度的升高、剪切速率的增大而下降。PS的加入有利于改善PPESK的熔融加工流动性。     

填料技术在高浓度氯碱化工废水生物接触氧化法处理中应用的研究

阐述了填料技术在生物接触氧化法处理高浓度氯碱化工废水中的应用,介绍了目前国内外应用较广的几种主要填料的工艺特点,对它们的性能进行了比较;并结合锦化化工(集团)有限责任公司污水处理厂多年的生产运行经验,讨论了生物接触氧化法中应用的几种较理想的填料;扼要分析了填料技术的发展方向和前景。     

去酸水用于钠离子交换树脂再生试验

根据离子交换原理，利用纺丝去酸水代替食盐、芒硝再生钠离子交换树脂，可以去除硬水中的钙离子和镁离子。再生阴床排出碱性废水加入去酸水中，可降低去酸水酸度，提高出水pH，出水水质达到软化水水质标推。用去酸水再生，可减少污染，降低纺丝工艺排水酸度，具有明显的社会效益和经济效益。     

消火栓水枪喷嘴水力计算方法的简化

针对目前消火栓喷嘴水力计算采用试算及图表法所存在的问题,通过对原求解函数的优化拟合,推导出可直接计算的解析式,便于基层设计人员在实际工程设计中应用。对该解析式计算精度的分析表明,在常用参数范围内,最大拟合误差仅为1.49%,满足现行规范要求。     

Dehydration of tetrahydrofuran by pervaporation using crosslinked PVA/PEI blend membranes

Dense blend membranes were prepared by blending hydrophilic polymers poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), which were then crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (GA) in a mixture of solvents under the catalysis of hydrochloric acid (HCl) for the dehydration of tetrahydrofuran (THF) by pervaporation. The effect of experimental parameters such as feed water concentration, permeate pressure, and membrane thicknesses on permeate parameters, i.e., flux and selectivity were determined with feed water concentration less than 40 wt %. The membranes were found to have good potential for breaking the azeotrope of 94 wt % THF with a flux of 1.072 and 0.376 kg/m² h for plane PVA/PEI and crosslinked PVA/PEI blend membrane, which exhibited high selectivity of 156 and 579 respectively. Selectivity was found to improve with decreasing feed water concentration and increasing membrane thickness, whereas flux decreased correspondingly. High permeate pressure causes a reduction in both flux and selectivity. These effects were clearly elucidated with the aid of the known relationship among plasticization effect, degree of swelling, permeate pressure, and feed water concentration. These blend membranes were also subjected to sorption studies to evaluate the extent of interaction and degree of swelling in pure as well as binary feed mixtures. Further ion exchange capacity studies were carried out for all the crosslinked and uncrosslinked membranes to determine the total number of interacting groups present in the membranes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1152–1161, 2006     

分析用水对陶瓷铅溶出量测定的影响

分析用水水质对日用陶瓷铅溶出量测定具有重要影响,CL-、SO42-、CO2等严重抑制铅的溶出,使测定结果偏低。     

核壳型含氟丙烯酸酯共聚乳液

以十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和壬基酚聚氧乙烯基醚（OP-10）为复合乳化剂，甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯（Actyflon-God）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）为原料制备了壳层含氟的核壳型丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液。用红外光谱（FT—IR）表征乳胶膜化学组成，用透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察了乳胶粒的微观形态结构，并用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）进行了表面分析。发现氟有向空气与膜面迁徙的现象。通过吸水率表征含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物乳胶膜的表面性能，结果表明含氟量增加使乳胶膜吸水率大大降低。