气体流量对化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管的影响

用化学气相沉积法裂解乙炔制备无序多壁碳纳米管,以Fe/S iO2粉状物作为催化剂,考察了气体流量等环境因素对碳纳米管生长的影响。通过TEM和SEM分析得出,当N2流量分别为200、500和800 mL/m in时,碳纳米管的平均直径分别为20、36和82 nm,即碳纳米管的直径随着N2流量的升高而增大。当N2流量增加到800mL/m in时,还生成了大量的直径约为20~30 nm的碳纳米球。不通H2制备不出碳纳米管。     

溶液雾化微波等离子体CVD法制备SrTiO3薄膜

研究了一种新型高效制备多组分陶瓷薄膜的方法，它采用可溶性无机盐溶液雾化为反应膜，利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积工艺在Al2O3基片上制备了SrTiO3基陶瓷薄膜，实验结果表明，薄膜沉积时衬底温度对成膜的相组成与结构产生重要影响，本实验中当沉积薄膜衬底温度在700℃时，可以制备出单一相组成，符合化学计量比，结晶性较好，晶粒度呈球形且均匀分布的SrTiO3薄膜，通过对不同氧分压下薄膜电阻测试，发现此SrTiO3薄膜在O2 N2气氛中氧浓度由1%变化到20%时，其电阻值由5.0MΩ变化到2.5MΩ，从而显示出一定氧敏性能。     

Morphologies and microstructures of tree-like carbon produced at different reaction conditions in a CVD process

Centimeter-size multi-branched tree-like carbon structures have been generated by the catalytic chemical vapor deposition of toluene using ferrocene as the catalyst precursor and investigated by means of SEM, TEM, and EDX. It is found that a temperature of 1000-1200 °C and a carrier gas flow rate of 1000-2500 ml/min are necessary for the generation of the carbon trees. Their morphologies and microstructures change greatly with the changing reaction conditions. The fractal dimensions of the trees are calculated to quantitatively investigate the influence of different reaction temperatures on the morphologies.     

液态源雾化化学沉积法制备(Pb,La)TiO3薄膜

研究了在Pt/Ti/SiO2 /Si基片上用液态源雾化化学沉积法制备镧钛酸铅 [(Pb ,La)TiO3,PLT]薄膜的工艺 ,并分析了各种因素对其相结构的影响。采用金属有机物热分解工艺的先体溶液 ,在沉积阶段 ,用超声波将先体溶液雾化 ,产生微米级的汽雾 ,由载气 (Ar)引入沉积室进行沉积 ,并在沉积室进行预热处理。重复上述过程 ,直到膜厚达到要求 ,再进行退火处理得到均匀、致密的薄膜。此工艺各项参数如下 :沉积前沉积室内气压为 4× 10 - 3Pa ;沉积时沉积室内气压为 8× 10 3～ 9× 10 3Pa ,沉积时基片温度为 2 0～ 2 5℃ ;预处理温度为 30 0℃ ;最佳热处理温度为 60 0℃ ;超声雾化器工作频率为 1.7MHz;薄膜沉积速率为 3nm/min。XRD和SEM图分析说明 ,制备的铁电薄膜具有钙钛矿结构     

基于DEM的碎屑流运动特性数值模拟

采用颗粒离散元法建立了碎屑流三维数值模型,分别从整体和局部对碎屑流运动特性进行深入分析。结果表明:碎屑流的运动过程可分为启动加速、高速滑动和减速堆积3个阶段;边坡底面平整时,堆积体中大颗粒堆积在表面,而细小颗粒位于中下部位;碎屑流运动速度和能量损失受颗粒间的接触碰撞影响大;碎屑流不同部位运动速度最大值相同,达到速度峰值的时间与颗粒的初始水平位置有关,与深度无关;堆积体分区明显,堆积体中的颗粒按初始水平位置依次排布;坡脚位置堆积深度最大,往两侧逐渐减小;碎屑流在运动初期和末期横向运动明显,扩大了灾害影响范围。     

对口丁坝双岸整治对黄河下游河道冲淤的影响

选取低含沙水沙系列、枯水多沙水沙系列以及规划设计的未来50 a水沙系列,利用黄河下游一维水沙数学模型,模拟计算了对口丁坝双岸治理方案下黄河下游河道在3种水沙系列条件下的冲淤状况。结果表明,游荡性河段采用对口丁坝方案整治后,输沙能力得到了提高,该河段多输送的泥沙一半以上输送到利津以下,其余部分淤积在高村—利津河段,其中淤积以高村—艾山河段为主,艾山—利津河段的冲淤情况与现状相比变化不大。     

A STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS OF COKE DEPOSITION

The phenomenon of coke deposition on catalyst surface is analyzed stochastically. In contrast to a conventional deterministic approach, derivation of the governing equations of the phenomenon is based on probability laws. The resulting representation provides the information on both the mean or macroscopic and the fluctuating characteristics about the system under consideration. The deposition of coke is assumed to be reversible, i.e., deposited coke has a certain probability of escaping the surface. The applicability of the model developed is justified through analyzing available experimental data appeared in the literature.     

Observation of single-walled carbon nanotubes by photoemission microscopy

Single-walled carbon nanotube networks grown on SiO₂ pillars were studied by means of scanning photoemission microscopy. The individual nanotubes or nanotube bundles growing from the pillar tops were observed in C 1s images. Band bending near catalytic Fe/nanotube contacts in an end-bonded configuration was studied by measuring C 1s spectra along the tube axes. Within our experimental resolution, no band bending was observed. This implies that the depletion width is less than the spatial resolution of the scanning photoemission microscope (90 nm) or that the amount of the band bending is less than 0.1 eV.     

The Bromine Electrode. Part I: Adsorption Phenomena at Polycrystalline Platinum Electrodes

A cyclic voltammetric study of the behaviour of Br^– and Br^– ₃ at Pt electrodes, in the potential range between hydrogen and oxygen evolution, is described. Different experiments were carried out, in the presence of Br^– and Br^– ₃, in which the ratio between the species has been kept constant and equal to 1. The halide concentration was varied between 4 × 10^–6 and 1 × 10^–3 and mol dm^–3, at constant ionic strength, in 1 M HclO₄ as well as in 1 M NaClO₄ adjusted to a pH of 2. Underpotential deposition of Br is observed at potentials as low as –0.125 V vs SCE. The adsorption parameters of Br species were determined from the adsorption/desorption peak pair in the hydrogen adsorption/desorption region, and from the oxide reduction peak data. In the absence of oxygen adsorption, a relatively high coverage of the electrode surface is attained. A Langmuir-type adsorption is observed under the different experimental conditions.